Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 4 Breakup level and boundary length. a No breakup. b Fractional breakup
6.2 Grid-Independent Study
Four mesh sizes with computational domain cells numbering 100,000, 300,000,
500,000, and 1,000,000, were used to test the grid resolution, the boundary length,
and the breakup phenomenon. The simulations apply air and water as the two-phase
materials. The reason to use water is that it is more likely to breakup than alumina
due to its lower surface tension, density, and viscosity, which could help us to
capture the
fluid breakup details for all four different mesh size settings. The velocity
settings of these grid-independent study simulations are 26 m/s and 5 m/s, for the air
and water, respectively. The demonstrate of the boundary length for different domain
cell numbers are shown in Fig. 5 ; the boundary length increases due to the better
resolution of the mesh throughout the computational domain until the domain cell
number reaches 500,000. However, from 500,000 to 1,000,000, the domain cell
number increases 100 % compared with the boundary length increase of 2 %. As
shown any domain cell number higher than 500,000 is suf
fl
cient to capture the
breakup detail. For this reason, all the computations were made using 500,000 cells,
which is considered more than enough mesh resolution to capture the smaller
breakup of the liquid droplets.
Fig. 5 Boundary length for
different mesh size setup
5.00
4.00
4.73
4.62
3.00
3.54
2.00
1.81
1.00
0.00
100k
300k
500k
1,000k
Domain Cell Number
 
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