In-Depth Performance Evaluation of RDF from Landfill Reclamation for Green Electricity Generation in a Downdraft Gasifier - Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development - page 475

gas can be used to fuel a diesel engine in continuous mode for power production.
The electrical energy and overall ef ciency as well as the quality of lube oil and

wear of engine part have been reported.

Keywords Land ll reclamation Mined municipal solid waste Power

generation Downdraft gasi cation RDF Producer gas Heating value

1 Introduction

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is non-hazardous substance generated from routine
activities of human life. Sources of MSW can be household, industrial, commercial
and institutional sectors, markets, yards, and streets (Sch beler et al. 1996 ). The

increase in world population and the economic boom have led to the increase in the
amount of MSW. The World Bank predicted that the global MSW amount will
increase from 1.3 billion ton in 2012 to 2.2 billion ton in 2025 (Hoornweg and
Bhada-Tata 2012 ). The substantial amount of MSW requires the effective MSW
management which includes collection, storage, and disposal. Focusing on the
MSW disposal, most of developed countries or high income countries dispose their
MSW by sanitary land

ü

ll or thermal treatment, whereas controlled dumping is used
for MSW disposal in middle income. Low income countries or developing coun-
tries dispose their MSW by open dump with no measurement for air and water
pollution control, especially in local administrative area (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata
2012 ; Henry et al. 2006 ; Manaf et al. 2009 ). The sanitary land

lling, controlled
dumping, and open dumping need a large authorized land area is essential, and the
increasing amount of MSW will results the lack in land area for MSW disposal.
Aside from the problem of the lack in land area, these MSW disposal methods
cannot recover the useful energy hidden in MSW. As MSW contains high portion
of combustible materials, for example, organic waste ranges from 28 to 64 wt%,
paper and plastic waste contributes to 5 12 wt%, respectively, as shown

in Table 1 for the MSW composition in different

31 and 8

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s incomes
(Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata 2012 ), these combustible materials have a high energy
content which can further be converted into the green and clean energy.
The land

level of country '

ll mining can be one possibility not only to
provide more land for MSW disposal but also to recover energy hidden in MSW
into other forms of energy. During land

ll reclamation or land

ll, the organic material in MSW is

decomposed into soil-like material which is the main product of land ll reclama-

tion, and the remaining are plastic, textile, wood, and paper with some amounts of
non-combustible materials, as shown in Table 2 for different size distributions of
mined MSW (Prechthai et al. 2008 ).
After the separation of soil and non-combustible material, the heating value of
mined MSW can increase to 28

37 MJ/kg, resulting from the high content of plastic
waste (Prechthai et al. 2008 ). This heating value of mined MSW is much higher

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