Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-
4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
(a)
40
40
(b)
80
80
Diesel
VO
70-30 Diesel-VO
Biodiesel
30
30
60
60
20
20
40
40
Diesel
VO
70-30 Diesel-VO
Biodiesel
10
10
20
20
0
0
0
0
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Radial Distance (cm)
Radial Distance (cm)
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4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-
4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
20
20
25
25
(c)
(d)
20
20
Diesel
VO
70-30 Diesel-VO
Biodiesel
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
Diesel
VO
70-30 Diesel-VO
Biodiesel
10
5
5
5
5
0
0
0
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-4
-3
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-1
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0
Radial Distance (cm)
Radial Distance (cm)
Fig. 14 Radial pro
les of CO and NO
X
concentrations (a, b) 10 % AA, (c, d)15%AA
temperature, resulting in poor thermal feedback from the flame to prevaporize the
fuel droplets. Several options were considered to increase the
fl
fluid temperature in
the near
field of the spray: exhaust gas recirculation, preheated combustion air, and
vitiated combustion air. However, a simpler solution was to combine glycerol
combustion with methane combustion. The methane
flame around the glycerol
spray provided thermal feedback to prevaporize glycerol droplets and to help
preheat the resulting fuel
fl
air mixture to the required ignition temperature. The
methane combustion also increased the overall reaction rates and helped ensure
suf
-
cient residence time to oxidize the decomposed species produced during
glycerol combustion (Simmons et al.
2010
).
In this section, the range of stable operating conditions and resulting emissions
of glycerol
flames in a swirl-stabilized combustor operated at atmospheric
pressure are reported. These results have subsequently been used to re
methane
fl
-
ne the
burner concept to achieve even greater fuel
flexibility while minimizing the envi-
ronmental impact (Jiang and Agrawal
2014
; Jiang et al.
2014
). First, the heat release
fl
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