Low-Emission, Fuel-Flexible Combustion of Liquid Fuels - Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development - page 464

Fig. 12 Flame images at
10 % AA for a Diesel, b VO,
c 70-30 diesel-VO,
d Biodiesel

higher values for 70-30 diesel-VO blend and VO. Figure 14 b shows that the NO X
emissions at AA = 10 % are highest for 70-30 diesel-VO blend, followed by diesel,
biodiesel, and VO. The lower NO X emissions for VO and biodiesel fuels are likely
caused by their lower heating value in comparison with diesel. Note that the high
heating value will result in slightly higher adiabatic fl flame temperature in case of

diesel. Figure 14 c shows the radial pro les of CO emissions for AA = 15 %. For all

fuels tested, there is a signi cant decrease in CO emissions with increase in the

atomizing air ow rate fromAA = 10 to 15 %. For AA = 15 %, 70-30 diesel-VO blend

shows the highest CO emissions, with pro

fl

les for other fuels somewhat overlapping
with each other. No fuel showed CO emissions higher than 10 ppm for the higher
atomizing air les of NO X emissions for

AA = 15 %. Results show a reduction by a factor of up to 3, as compared to the NO X
emissions for AA = 10 %. The diesel and VO produced the highest NO X emissions,
while biodiesel NO X emissions were the lowest. However, all NO X values were very
low; between 15 and 20 ppm (Simmons and Agrawal 2012 ).
Results show low CO and NO X emissions for all fuels at different atomizing

fl ow rate. Figure 14 d shows the radial pro

air fl ow rates. CO and NO X emissions decreased with increasing atomizing air fl ow