Biofuels from Biomass - Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development - page 34

Renewable Energy, and Ministry of Rural Development would be constituted, led
by Department of Bio-Technology, and coordinated by the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has already evolved a standard (IS-15607)
for biodiesel (B 100), which is the Indian adaptation of the American Standard
ASTM D-6751 and European Standard EN-14214. BIS has also published IS:
2796: 2008 which covers speci cation for motor gasoline blended with 5 % ethanol

and motor gasoline blended with 10 % ethanol.
In a nutshell, the national policy on biofuels envisaged the biofuels to be the
solution for India

s containment of carbon emission control and energy vulnera-
bility. Being derived from renewable biomass sources and less carbon emitting,
they were trusted to be environmentally benign and cost-effective. It could lead to
lesser dependence on fossil fuel, causing lesser expenditure on the import of the
fossil fuel. Biofuel is also viewed as a catalyst for rural development and
employment. The policy has also strategized and framed the technological,

'

nan-
cial, and institutional interventions and its implementation mechanism. The goal of
the policy is to achieve a biofuel blending of 20 % for biodiesel and bioethanol by
2017. Another goal of this policy was to ensure the availability of minimum level of
biofuels in the market in accordance with the demands. The goals set so far are
dif cult to achieve. In India, lot of hope is lying with the second- and third-

generation biofuels. But considering the importance of biofuels and the amount of
dependability expected on the renewable energy sources, with time based on socio-
economic conditions, it is needless to suggest that India needs to ful ll the biofuel

targets. Taking into account the current unful lled targets and unevenness in the

mandate and goals among the state policies in the country and considering the
example of the other countries, there is a need for legislation and a strict mandate to
be formulated (Sengupta and Poddar 2013 ).
All these were about the national policy for biofuels. Now let us have a look at
scienti c part of cellulosic ethanol production technology.

5 Bioethanol

5.1 Bioethanol Global Market Position

As shown in Fig. 3 , global ethanol production and consumption are dominated by
North America and Latin America. These two regions set the trend for global ethanol
production and consumption. The plateau reached in North America in 2010 and
2011, combined with the decrease in Latin America between 2010 and 2011,
resulted in global consumption remaining near its 2010 level in 2011 and lower
production in 2011 than in 2010, and the first time global ethanol production has not