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Fig. 2 Contribution of different sector for emissions of various pollutants in megacity Delhi.
Source Government of Delhi 2010 ; Guttikunda et al. 2011
Also the vehicles are the major source of NOx, CO, and NMVOC (Fig. 2 ).
Ramachandra and Shwetmala ( 2009 ) have stated in their study that one square
kilometer area of Delhi emits about 221 Gg, 16 Mg, and 130 Mg of CO 2 ,CH 4 and
NO X from surface transportation respectively, in the area of one km 2 are only coming
from surface transport in Delhi. Recently, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB
2010a ) analysis shows the predominance of private vehicles, especially cars and
two-wheelers for GHG emissions in Delhi.
Mumbai is the
financial and commercial capital of India. The rapid increases in
vehicle population have been observed in megacity Mumbai during last few decades.
It not only leads traf
c congestion but also responsible for severe air pollution in
megacity. During 1994, the air pollutants emissions from Mumbai on-road vehicles
were about 52 %; however, the share of automobile sector for local air pollutants has
increased tremendously during recent years (URBAIR 1997 ). The recent study con-
ducted by Central Pollution Control Board mentioned that PM is mainly contributed
by vehicles in Mumbai (35 %) and also accountability of surface transportation for
CO, SO 2 ,NO X , and HC is about 26, 1, 12, and 26 %, respectively, in Mumbai (CPCB
2010b ). Figures 3 and 4 show the clear picture of source apportionment study of
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