Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Urban Traffic Emissions and Associated
Environmental Impacts in India
Ajay S. Nagpure and Bhola R. Gurjar
Abstract Rapid increase in urban population has been observed in Indian subcon-
tinent during recent decades. The recent data shows that level of urbanization in India
has increased from 27.81 % in 2001 to 31.16 % in 2011. About 34 % of urban growth
has been observed only between 2001 (286 million) and 2011 (377 million). Sub-
stantial increases in urban population throughout the country have placed heavy
demands on urban transport systems and personal vehicles. With this increment, road
transport became a major source of air pollution in Indian urban agglomeration. For
better understanding of current status of urban infrastructures and its associated
impacts, there is always need to update and review of each sector for policy imple-
mentation. Current chapter attempts to highlight the recent scenario of Indian road
transportation sectors and its impact on local and regional air quality and public
health.
Keywords Urban traf
c
Transport systems
Vehicular emissions
Air pollution
Public health
1 Introduction
Surface transportation in the Indian subcontinent is a huge source of local air
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and therefore contributes to local level air
quality deterioration, human health risks, and global scale climate change (TERI
2001a
). Traf
c statistics in India show that the number of motor vehicles has
increased from 0.3 million in 1951 to 142 million in 2011. The number of registered
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