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-2 CA ATDC
0 CA ATDC
4 CA ATDC
(a1)
(b1)
(c1)
(a2)
(b2)
(c2)
(a3)
(b3)
(c3)
Fig. 15 CO (a1
-
c1), CO
2
(a2
-
c2), and HO
2
(a3
-
c3) mass fraction contours for the 97 % methane
dual-fuel case at
−
2, 0, and 40 ATDC. Black lines in each
figure indicate
contours (
= 0.3
3)
ϕ
ϕ
-
Fig. 16 a Temporal mass pro
les of n-C
7
H
16
,C
2
H
2
,CH
4
, CO, and CO
2
for the 97 % methane
case and b Computed HRR for the engine combustion and qualitative HRR pro
les for the rich
premixed, diffusion, and lean premixed combustion, constructed based on the species pro
les
methane mass pro
le, the duration for the lean premixed combustion can be de
ned
to be between 0
ATDC. Methane is almost completely consumed during
this period, producing a signi
°
and 10
°
le for
lean combustion can be constructed and is also shown in Fig.
16
b. Finally, C
2
H
2
,
CO, and other species (such as H
2
), which are produced during rich premixed
combustion, are consumed in the diffusion combustion zones. Consequently, the
cant amount of CO
2
. Accordingly, a HRR pro
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