Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 10 Integrated mass
pro
les of OH and
C
7
H
14
OOH (QOOH) for
single-fuel (n-heptane), 97 %
methane, and 98.5 % syngas
dual-fuel cases in diesel
engine. The green rectangles
indicate the first- and second-
stage ignitions
Table 3 Input parameters, and computed performance and emission parameters for single- and
dual-fueled engine simulations
Low load
High load
Mole fraction of methane
0 %
90 %
0 %
97 %
0 %
Mole fraction of syngas (50 % CO, 50 %
H
2
)
0 %
0 %
95 %
0 %
98.5 %
Mole fraction of n-heptane
100 %
10 %
5 %
3 %
1.5 %
Total chemical energy per cylinder, J
390
1,014
Mass of n-heptane per cylinder, mg
8.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
Mass of methane per cylinder, mg
0
4.8
0
17.3
0
Mass of syngas per cylinder, mg
0
0
13.8
0
50
Mass of air per cylinder, mg
546
542
532
515
456
based on gaseous fuel
0
0.16
0.17
0.58
0.60
ϕ
Total volume per cylinder, L
0.448
Work output per cylinder, J
133
87
95
351
228
Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP),
bar
2.78
1.82
1.98
7.36
4.77
CA50 (
°
ATDC)
1.3
3.6
3.2
5.4
-0.4
Indicated power, kW
1.66
1.09
1.18
4.39
2.85
Engine ef
ciency (%)
34
22
24
35
22
Specific soot emission (mg/kWh)
15.3
2.2
1.8
1.8
0.6
Speci
cNO
x
emission (g/kWh)
0.51
0.52
0.66
0.89
3.58
Speci
c UHC emission (g/kWh)
0.21
9.46
0.12
1.81
0.00
Specific CO emission (g/kWh)
0.30
1.76
19.88
0.14
0.00
The emission values are at exhaust valve open (EVO) crank angle
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