Environmental Engineering Reference
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considerations including durability. Clearly, there is a potential for reducing lean
dome
sNO
x
by a factor of four over the GE N + 2 technology; but there is no need
to push for further reduction based on the discussion presented in the previous
section.
'
5 Emissions with Alternative Fuels
There are several outstanding papers dealing with critical aspects of alternative fuels
which have signi
cantly lower aromatic and sulfur contents, including a few
mentioned here (viz. Bester et al.
2009
; Bulzan et al.
2010
; Chisty et al.
2011
;
Corporan et al.
2004
; Carter et al.
2011
; Davison et al.
2011
; Longwell
1977
;
Moses et al.
2008
; and reference provided therein). Therefore, we have very limited
objective here on this topic in that the effect of FT fuel on EINO
x
is very small
(Fig.
38
) but its bene
its in regard to particulate emissions are enormous in terms of
both the number density and mass emissions; typical results for the former are
shown in Figs.
39
and
40
for the
first generation of the modern turbofan engine for
single aisle engine, namely the CFM56-2C discussed earlier in Figs.
11
and
13
.
Effect of alternative fuels on the
first and second generation LDI as measured by
Wey and Bulzan (
2013
), Dolan et al. (
2013
) and Tacina et al. (
2014
) show similar
bene
cial results.
Fig. 38 EINO
x
versus fuel
flow rate of the CFM56 engine with the base fuel (JP8), two FT fuels
and their blends; reproduced from Bulzan et al. (
2010
)
fl
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