Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 19.1
Potential Routes of Exposure to Nanosilver
Exposure
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
Professional
(direct)
Negligible
Potential
Potential
Professional
(indirect)
Negligible
Potential
Potential
Consumer
(direct)
Potential
Potential
Potential
Consumer
(indirect)
Potential
Negligible
Negligible
BOX 19.1 KEY PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF DUMMY
PRODUCTS AND INITIAL EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION
DP1
(dummy product 1)
DP2
(dummy product 2)
Name
Liquid at 10 mg/L nanosilver, packaged
in 500 mL ready-to-use containers
Powdered nanosilver (100%),
packaged in containers at 10 kg
Description
Wet chemical synthesis (fluid phase)
Evaporation-condensation method
(gas phase)
Production
Pump spray, direct application to
household surfaces
Textile fiber modification (polymer
doping)
Application
Overall, the available information suggests a variety of potential exposure sce-
narios either directly through use of the material or the product by the consumer and
the worker (professional), or indirectly through the environment or the food chain
as summarized in Table 19.1. For a specific product and use, the sources and routes
of exposure to be taken into consideration for risk assessment will be more limited.
This is exemplified in Box 19.1 for two biocidal dummy products: a liquid intended
for spray application and a solid product for production of nanosilver containing tex-
tiles. To quantify potential risks, actual exposures may need to be measured experi-
mentally or estimated using exposure modeling. In some cases, worst-case estimates
may be sufficient for a first tier risk assessment. Further details on exposure are
provided in Section III of this topic, especially Chapter 15.
19.4 NANOMATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
Any risk assessment requires the unambiguous identification of the substance or
the material under evaluation. For “conventional” chemicals, technical guidance
has been developed on this issue such as, for example, the
Guidance for identifica-
tion and naming of substances under REACH and CLP
(ECHA 2013). Accordingly,
Search WWH ::
Custom Search