Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17
Case Study
Paints and Lacquers with
Silica Nanoparticles
Keld A. Jensen and Anne T. Saber
CONTENTS
17.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 381
17.2 Examples of Silica Nanomaterials Used in Paints and Lacquers ................. 382
17.2.1 Examples of Nanosilica Used to Improve Mechanical Properties ... 382
17.2.2 Examples of Nanosilica Used to Achieve Biocidal Properties ......... 384
17.3 Exposure to Nanosilica from MN Paint Ingredients and Sanding of
Paints and Lacquers ...................................................................................... 385
17.3.1 Exposure to Nanosilica in the Paint and Lacquer Manufacturing ... 385
17.3.2 Powder Handling and Dustiness ....................................................... 386
17.3.3 Abrasion ............................................................................................ 386
17.4 Human Safety ............................................................................................... 387
17.4.1 In Vivo Toxicity of Manufactured Nanosilica .................................. 389
17.4.2 In Vitro Toxicity of Nanosilica ......................................................... 392
17.4.3 Toxicity of Sanding Dust Particles from Paints and Lacquers ......... 392
17.4.4 Lessons from Toxicological Studies on Abrasion Particles from
Other Nanocomposites ..................................................................... 395
17.5 Outlook ......................................................................................................... 395
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 396
References .............................................................................................................. 396
17.1 INTRODUCTION
Several different manufactured nanomaterials (MN) are already widely used in com-
mercial protective surface coatings. Even the types of MN used in paints and lacquers
may be exhaustive and this sector may be one of the largest industrial users of MN
by volume. However, it is often difficult to know the exact composition of paints and
lacquers and which MN might be applied therein. Experimental paints and lacquers
have been made containing MN of, for example, silica (Carneiro et al. 2012), titania
(Marolt et al. 2011), nanoclays/organoclays (Kowalczyk and Spychaj 2009), CuO and
Ag (Cioffi et al. 2005), and nanodiamond and nanoalumina (Sajjadi et al. 2013), as
well as carbon nanofibers and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Il'darkhanova et al.
381
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