Field and Laboratory Measurements Related to Occupational and Consumer Exposures - Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle - page 307

2013). The authors concluded that only 1 out of 54 (2%) fully characterized exposure
scenarios was very likely to result in significant exposure to NOAA, however, for
42% other scenarios exposure to NOAA could not be excluded.
Specific scenarios in source domain 3, more specifically spray-can use, show
high evidence of release (and potential for exposure) of NOAA, which especially for
consumers might be (health)-relevant. However, for the occupational applicator of
nano-enabled products there are fewer indications for exposure, though the number
of available data is still scarce.
The interpretation of the results from experimental studies in source domain 4
with respect to the potential for exposure is not unambiguous, since only releases
were studied. Again, some very specific processes can be flagged for their potential
to result in exposure to NOAA.
In conclusion it can be stated that since 2011 many studies have been reported
and the amount of data relevant for (worker) exposure assessment is increasing rap-
idly. However, in view of the number of workplaces and exposure scenarios it is still
limited. Meta-analyses of data from field (and experimental) studies are needed to
derive a better insight into quantitative exposure assessment and exposure model-
ing. Data pooling is an important condition to achieve relevant data sets for these
purposes, thus activities related to harmonization of data collection, analysis, and
reporting have to be continued.
REFERENCES
Anand, S., Mayya, Y.S., Yu, M., Seipenbusch, M., Kasper, G (2012) A numerical study of
coagulation of nanoparticle aerosols injected continuously into a large, well stirred
chamber. J Aerosol Sci 52: 18-32.
Asbach, C., Aguerre, O.,Bressot, C., Brouwer, D., Gommel, U., Gorbunov, B., Le Bihan, O.,
Jensen, K.A., Kaminski, H., Keller, M., Koponen, I.K., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Lecloux, A.,
Morgeneyer, M., Muir, R., Shandilya, N., Stahlmecke, B., Todea, A.M (2014) Examples
and Case Studies, in Handbook of Nanosafety . Ed. Vogel et al., Elsevier.
Asbach, C., Kaminski, H., Von Barany, D., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Monz, C., Dziurowitz, N.,
Pelzer, J. Berlin, K., Dietrich, S., Götz, U., Kiesling, H.-J., Schierl, R., Dahmann, D
(2012a) Comparability of portable nanoparticle exposure monitors. Ann. Occup. Hyg.
56: 606-621.
Asbach, C., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Kaminski, H., Stahlmecke, B., Plitzko, S., Götz, U., Voetz,
M., Kiesling, H.-J., Dahmann, D (2012) “Standard Operation Procedures For assessing
exposure to nanomaterials, following a tiered approach.” www.nanoGEM.de.
Azong-Wara, N., Asbach, C., Stahlmecke, B., Fissan, H., Kaminski, H., Plitzko, S., Bathen,
D., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J (2013) Design and experimental evaluation of a new nanoparticle
thermophoretic personal sampler. J Nanopart Res 15 (4): art. no. 1530 1.
Bekker C., Brouwer D.H., van Duuren-Stuurman B., Tuinman I.L., Tromp P., Fransman, W
(2013) Airborne manufactured nano-objects released from commercially available spray
products: Temporal and spatial influences. J Expo SciEnvEpid , pp. 1-8.
Broßell, D., Tröller, S., Dziurowitz, N., Plitzko, S., Linsel, G., Asbach, C., Azong-Wara, N.,
Fissan, H., Schmidt-Ott, A (2013) A thermal precipitator for the deposition of airborne
nanoparticles onto living cells-Rationale and development. J Aerosol Sci 63: 75-86.
Brouwer, D.H (2012a) Control banding approaches for nanomaterials. Ann OccupHyg 56 (5):
506-514.