Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 13.4
Publications Describing Scenarios Related to Source Domain 4
Observed NM
Release
Reference
Scenario
Nanomaterial
Metric
Summary/Conclusions
Golanski et al.
(2011)
Abrasion
TiO
2
(from
coated surfaces)
Yes, no free or
agglomerated
nanoparticles
PSD (7 nm to
10 μm), PNC (7
nm to 10 μm)
Wet abrasion resulted in no release of nanoparticles, dry abrasion
showed very low release of super- and submicron particles. No
free or agglomerated TiO
2
nanoparticles were observed: TiO
2
nanoparticles (~30 nm) seem to remain embedded in the paint
matrix. Agglomerates of matrix particles having sizes around
110 nm are observed. The sizes vary between 100 nm and 300
nm. Under wet abrasion, submicron and micrometer particles
were released, but no nanoscale particles.
Dry abrasion using different tools resulted in very low release of
micron and submicron particles while no nanoscale particles
were detected. SEM images showed no free nor agglomerated
nanoparticles released during abrasion in the air and liquid:
nanoparticles seem to remain embedded in the paint matrix
Cena and
Peters (2011)
Sanding
CNT (epoxy/
CNT
composite)
Yes, large
particles,
commonly
protuberances of
CNT (attached to
matrix)
PNC
(0.01-20 μm),
PSD
Processing of CNT-epoxy nanocomposite materials released
respirable size airborne particles (mass concentration process/
background ratio: weighing = 1.79; sanding = 5.90) but
generally no nanoparticles (P/B ratio ~1). The particles
generated during sanding were predominantly micron sized
with protruding CNTs and very different from bulk CNTs that
tended to remain in large (>1 μm) tangled clusters. Respirable
mass concentrations in the operator's breathing zone were
lower when sanding was performed in the biological safety
cabinet (GM = 0.20 μg/m
3
) compared with those with no LEV
(GM = 2.68 μg/m
3
) or those when sanding was performed
inside the fume hood (GM = 21.4 μg/m
3
)
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