Release from Composites by Mechanical and Thermal Treatment - Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle - page 269

Compressed air

NAS

Rotating disc
thermodiluter

FMPS

Multi gas controller

10L compensation
chamber

Primary air Secondary air

850°C 850°C

Furnace 1 Crucible Furnace 2

% O 2
% CO 2
% H 2
% CO

Multi-component
gas analyzer

FIGURE 12.15 Schematic of the experimental setup for mimicking incineration of com-
posite materials. (Reprinted from Handbook of Nanosafety: Particle measurement, expo-
sure assessment and risk management of engineered nanomaterials , Stahlmecke, B. et al.,
242-255, Copyright 2014, with permission from Elsevier.)

Quartz tube

CPC

Heater

FMPS Air

HEPA filter

Tmax: 1400°C

SMPS

NP sample in
crucible

FIGURE 12.16 Schematic of the furnace. (Adapted from Derrough, S. et al. Behaviour of
nanoparticles during high temperature treatment (Incineration type), 2013, J. Phys. Conf Ser .)

for each incineration trial, around 600 mg of NP were used. The incineration tests
were performed using a bench top tubular furnace and were conducted at 850°C
and 1,100°C.
Nickel and tin NP exhibited maximum concentration around seven times higher
at 1,100°C compared to 850°C, whereas for silver NP only a low temperature influ-
ence was observed. The released particle size for nickel and tin NP was <50 nm at
850°C and significantly higher at 1,100°C (>100 nm). The silver NP behaves similar
to those of tin and nickel at 850°C but different at 1,100°C with a mode close to
100 nm. This specific behavior of the silver sample is most likely linked to the