Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 12.3
Test Method Parameters and Results
Particle
Rele
ase
Contact
Pressure
[Pa]
Peripheral
Speed
[m/s]
Grit
Level
Added NP
Nano
Coarse
Comment
Göhler
et al.
(2010)
10,000
1.83
600
ZnO, Fe
2
O
3
Ye s
No significant
difference if
NP were used
or not
Cena and
Peters
(2011)
200
CNT
No
Ye s
CNT embedded
in the matrix
Huang
et al.
(2012)
80,
150,
320
CNT
Ye s
No free CNTs
were observed,
exception 4
mass% CNT
Hirth
et al.
(2013)
220
CNT
Released
fragments may
show tubular
protrusions
Koponen
et al.
(2011)
240
TiO
2
, SiO
2
,
kaolinite,
carbon
black, perlite
Ye s
Ye s
No clear effect
of ENPs on
dust emissions
from sanding
IUTA
12,500
0.8 and
1.8
80, 320
SiO
2
No
Ye s
No clear effect
of NPs on dust
emissions from
sanding
Note:
CNT stands for carbon nanotube.
testing have been developed and the next step is the international collaboration on
defining a test setup and testing conditions.
12.2.3 a
Brasion
Abrasion is a mechanical process describing the dynamic friction between two sur-
faces, one of the two sometimes having a rough surface. It simulates, for example,
use of consumer products like cleaning, sliding, walking, and scratching. Hence, it
is a low energy type of mechanical stress with a lower likeliness of heat production
and is not the same as sanding. One of the most commonly used methods for simu-
lating abrasive damage is the Taber Abraser test, which is described in national and
international standards (e.g., DIN 53754:1977, DIN 68861-2:1981, ISO 5470-1:1999,
and ASTM D 4060-95:2007). Briefly, the Taber Abraser rotates the sample against
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