Ball-milling Promoted Chemical Bonding between Cellulose and Plastics - Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis: Applications, Projects, Challenges - page 234

20000

(g)

18000

(f)

16000

(e)

14000

12000

(d)

10000

8000

6000

(c)

4000

(b)

2000

(a)

0

5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5

Scattering angle 2 (°)

θ

Figure 9.23 X-Ray diffractograms of original cellulose (a),milled cellulose (b),MPE (c),
UMCom (d), MCMix (e), MCCom (f), and the sample after removing non-
bonded MPE from the MCCom with xylene (g).
Reprinted from ref. 41.

Thermal and mechanical properties of the MCCom are shown in
Table 9.3, in comparison with those of the UMCom. The MCCom exhibits a
lower melting enthalpy and a lower thermal expansion coecient than
UMCom, which is consistent with the lower crystallinity of MPE in the
MCCom (Figure 9.23). Note that the MCCom exhibits almost the same ten-
sile strength as, but a much greater elongation than, the UMCom. Further,
the Izod impact strength of the MCCom is surprisingly enhanced by 173%.
This indicates that the mechanochemical method can greatly improve the
toughness and ductility of the MCCom, probably owing to formation of an
interphase between cellulose particles and the MPE matrix.

9.5.2.2 Characteristics of an Interphase Formed in a
Mechanochemical Composite of Cellulose and
Polypropylene
Let us consider in detail such an interphase in a mechanochemical com-
posite of FC (30 wt%) and MPP (70 wt%). 43 For this purpose, by removing
thoroughly free MPP from the relevant products UMCom, MCMix, and