AN OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES - Java Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design - page 22

20 . To make Java programs machine independent, the designers of the Java
language introduced a hypothetical computer called the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
21 . Bytecode is the machine language for the JVM.
22 . Compilers are programs that translate a program written in a high-level
language into an equivalent machine language. In the case of Java, this
machine language is the bytecode.
23 . In Java, the necessary steps to process a program are edit, compile, load, and
execute.
24 . A Java loader transfers into main memory the bytecode of the classes
needed to execute the program.
25 . An interpreter is a program that reads, translates each bytecode instruction
into the machine language of your computer, and then executes it.
26 . The Internet is a network of networks through which computers around
the world are connected.
27 . The World Wide Web, or Web, uses software programs that allow com-
puter users to view documents on almost any subject over the Internet with
the click of a mouse.
28 . Java application programs are stand-alone programs that can run on your
computer. Java applets are programs that run from a Web browser, or
simply a browser.
29 . A problem-solving process for programming has five steps: analyze the
problem, design an algorithm, implement the algorithm in a programming
language, verify that the algorithm works, and maintain the program.
30 . An algorithm is a step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution
is arrived at in a finite amount of time.
31 . The two basic approaches to programming design are structured design and
object-oriented design.
32 . In structured design, a problem is divided into smaller subproblems. Each
subproblem is solved, and the subproblem solutions are integrated.
33 . In object-oriented design (OOD), the programmer identifies components
called objects, which form the basis of the solution, and determines how
these objects interact with one another. In OOD, a program is a collection
of interacting objects.
34 . An object consists of data and the operations on those data.