Java Reference
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1 . A computer is an electronic device capable of performing arithmetic and
logical operations.
2 . A computer system has two kinds of components: hardware and software.
3 . The central processing unit (CPU) and the main memory are examples of
hardware components.
4 . All programs must be brought into main memory before they can be
executed.
5 . When the power to the computer is switched off, everything in main
memory is lost.
6 . Secondary storage provides permanent storage for information. Hard disks,
floppy disks, flash-memory, ZIP disks, CD-ROMs, and tapes are examples
of secondary storage.
7 . Input to the computer is done via an input device. Two common input
devices are the keyboard and the mouse.
8 . The computer sends output to an output device, such as the computer
monitor.
9 . Software refers to programs run by the computer.
10 . The operating system monitors the overall activity of the computer and
provides services.
11 . Application programs perform a specific task.
12 . The most basic language of a computer is a sequence of 0 s and 1 s called
machine language. Every computer directly understands its own machine
language.
13 . A bit is a binary digit, 0 or 1 .
14 . A sequence of 0 s and 1 s is called a binary code or a binary number.
15 . A byte is a sequence of eight bits.
16 . One kilobyte (KB) is 2 10 ¼ 1024 bytes; one megabyte (MB) is 2 20 ¼
1,048,576 bytes; one gigabyte (GB) is 2 30 ¼ 1,073,741,824 bytes; one
terabyte (TB) is 2 40 ¼ 1,099,511,627,776 bytes; one petabyte (PB) is
2 50
is 2 60
¼ 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes; one exabyte (EB)
¼
is 2 70 ¼
1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes; and one zettabyte (ZB)
1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes.
17 . Assembly language uses easy-to-remember instructions called mnemonics.
18 . Assemblers are programs that translate a program written in assembly
language into machine language.
19 . To run a Java program on a computer, the program must first be translated
into an intermediate language called bytecode and then interpreted into a
particular machine language.
 
 
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