Java Reference
In-Depth Information
The statements in Example 4-15 illustrate how to incorporate multiple selections using a
nested
if
...
else
structure.
Anested
if
...
else
structure presents an important question: How do you know
which
else
is paired with which
if
? Recall that in Java there is no stand-alone
else
statement. Every
else
must be paired with an
if
.Theruletopairan
else
with an
if
is as follows:
Pairing an
else
with an
if
: In a nested
if
statement, Java associates an
else
with
the most recent incomplete
if
—that is, the most recent
if
that has not been paired with
an
else
.
Using this rule, in Example 4-15, the
else
in Line 3 is paired with the
if
in Line 1. The
else
in Line 6 is paired with the
if
in Line 4, and the
else
in Line 9 is paired with the
if
in Line 7.
To avoid excessive indentation, the code in Example 4-15 can be rewritten as follows:
if
(balance >= 50000.00)
4
//Line 1
interestRate = 0.05;
//Line 2
else if
(balance >= 25000.00)
//Line 3
interestRate = 0.04;
//Line 4
else if
(balance >= 1000.00)
//Line 5
interestRate = 0.03;
//Line 6
else
//Line 7
interestRate = 0.00;
//Line 8
EXAMPLE 4-16
Assume that
score
is a variable of type
int
. Based on the value of
score
, the following
code determines the grade:
if
(score >= 90)
System.out.println("The grade is A");
else if
(score >= 80)
System.out.println("The grade is B");
else if
(score >= 70)
System.out.println("The grade is C");
else if
(score >= 60)
System.out.println("The grade is D");
else
System.out.println("The grade is F");
The following examples will further help you see the various ways in which you can use
nested
if
structures to implement multiple selection.
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