Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
22
20.4
+L-Lys
18.9
20
+L-Thr
17.0
18
+L-Trp
15.6
+DL-Met
14.9
16
+L-val
14.5
14.3
13.7
14
12
10
Lys
Thr
Trp
M+C Val
First-limiting amino acid
lle
Lew
His
Fig. 3.6.
Substitution of crude protein by amino acids (Nørgaard, 2012).
90
78
80
70
70
60
50
50
45
45
44
44
44
41
41
41
39
38
38
40
30
20
10
0
1985
1990
1996
2000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Fig. 3.7.
Nitrogen excretion from grower-finisher pigs, g kg
−1
gain from 1985 to 2012. The initial
body weight is 30 kg during all years but the body weight at slaughter has increased from 95 to
107 kg in 2012.
monogastric animals, the genetic selection of
animals for a more efficient production and the
replacement of crude protein by industrially
produced amino acids. The establishment of
computerized models used to optimize the com-
position of the feed based on amino acid require-
ments is another important tool enabling the
information and knowledge from research
and development to be combined and used in
practical feeding. It is important to remember
that animals will not be effective if they are
not healthy and supplied with the necessary
amounts of energy and nutrients. This calls for
a balanced sustainable approach involving all
significant aspects of animal production so that
reductions in excretion of e.g. N should not
cause reductions in productivity, health and
welfare (Blaha and Köfer, 2009).
