Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
are the basis for campaigns, and laws (Canada, EU),
targeting the feeding of processed manures to
livestock. Ultimately, public acceptance of this
strategy will determine its contribution to sus-
tainable manure management.
the farm, climate or other factors (i.e. potential
alternative end uses or by-product generation).
Therefore, treatment technologies are generally
selected to meet specific treatment goals on the
farm. These treatment goals may include nutri-
ent reduction or capture (primarily N and P),
emissions reduction (including GHG, bioaero-
sols, NH
3
, odours), volume reduction, energy
recovery, pathogen reduction, and adding value
to the manure. Manure treatment technologies
are often linked together to address several
treatment goals and challenges faced by ani-
mal producers such as excessive nutrients on
farm, manure runoff and odour. Burton and
Turner (2003) provide an excellent detailed
discussion of many of these practices. Figure 7.2
presents a flow diagram of potential treatments
and products that can be utilized in and derived
from a manure management system. As some
of the treatments/products are specific to solid
versus liquid systems, they will be discussed
separately below.
Manure Treatment Technologies
and Non-agricultural Uses
In order to address some of the challenges
related to use of manures for agricultural pro-
duction and, in some cases, to produce more
value added products from manures, there is a
variety of manure treatment technologies avail-
able for on-farm use. Many of these manure
treatment technologies have been used in one
form or another for many years, while others
are recent solutions. Often, technologies are
used in combination to create a system that can
be tailored to the manure management plan of
Diet manipulation
Liquid systems
Anaerobic digestion
Solid separation
Screen 5-25%
Enhanced separation
Polymer flocculation > 90%
Dry systems
Covered lagoon
(conserve N)
Nutrient precipitation
(sturvite,calcium phosphate)
Composting
vermicomposting
Algae
Feed
Constructed wetlands
Pelletize
Biological nitrification
denitrification
Soldier fly protein
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Solid and organic nutrients
moved from farm
Liquefaction
Biodegradable plastics
On-farm liquid treatment
and application to cropland
Fibreboard
Other fibre products
Fig. 7.2.
Manure management treatments and technologies. Adapted from Szögi and Vanotti (2003).
