Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
For assessment of similarity among the sites,
beta diversity was calculated using the following
formula(Sorenson
1948
):
Diversity of Individual Wetlands
Kaylana Lake
j
ab
2
()
=
Sorenson sindex
'
C
,
(
)
s
+
The lake is spread over 84 km
2
located(26°17′ N;
72° 58′ E) 8 km west of Jodhpur in Rajasthan,
India. It is an artiicial lake, built in 1872. Kaylana
Lake is situated in a rocky bed and receives water
from
Hati Nehar
(Elephant-sizedcanal)whichis
now connected with the main canal irrigation
system of Indira Gandhi Canal (IG Canal), a
major water resource of Jodhpur. Kaylana is
spread over 84 km
2
with length of about 4 km,
100-250 m wide, and about 35-40 ft deep.
The vegetation composition is dominated by
Acacia nilotica
and
Euphorbia caducifolia
.
Kaylana Lake is rich in its avian diversity study
conductedinbyBohraandGoyal(
1992
) and showed
about 123 species of 40 families which has increased
graduallytoabout156speciesof51families(Singh
2009
). As the lake is the only source of drinking
water and well protected by the state government, in
addition to this, a part of the lake which comes in
MachiaSafariparkisalsoprotectedunderforestact.
The depth of water in this lake supports several spe-
cies of birds like pochards, darters, cormorants, and
pelicans. Our continuous study from 1999 to 2013 on
avian diversity showed that diversity of the main lake
has decreased due to continuous inlow of water
through IG canal which maintains water level con-
stant throughout the year. However, there is increase
in diversity of adjoining water bodies that are depen-
dent on water through Kaylana Lake.
The increased level of water have destructed
breeding colony of large cormorants which were
found breeding for the irst time in western
Rajasthan (Dookia
2001
). An average of 5,583
individuals of 170 species of 57 families was
recorded from observations from 2008 to 2012.
Alpha(
ʱ
) diversity was found to be about 3.31. Out
of 170 species, 84 belonged to wetland and the rest
of the species were found up to 100 m from the
bankofthepond(Table
17.3
and Fig.
17.2
). The
diversity of Kaylana Lake ranked 7th out of nine
sites; similarly the evenness also attributed with 6th
rank. However, the large-sized water body has
where
a
= richness in irst site,
b
= richness in
second site,
j
= shared species.
The analysis for the diversity was carried out
only for the wetlands.
Results
Out of a total record of 278 species belonging to
63 families in and around Jodhpur, about 205
species of 58 families were recorded from 9 wet-
lands of Jodhpur, out of which 111 were wetland
species. Total diversity in the wetlands of study
area was found to be alpha diversity (
ʱ
) = 3.82
(205 species). Among the individual wetlands,
the highest species count was found in Kaylana
Lake (170 species of 53 families) followed by
Barlipond(132speciesof48families),whereas
the lowest species count was observed in Umed
Bhawan pond (64 species of 28 families)
(Table
17.2
).
Though the Kaylana Lake was found to be
the most species rich (170 species), yet the
alpha diversity (H' Shannon Index) of
Balsamand Lake was found to be highest
(
ʱ
=4.08)duetohighevenness(E)inthedistri-
butionofspecies(
E
= 0.86) followed by Akheraj
pond (
ʱ
= 3.79;
E
=0.81) and Soor Sagar pond
(
ʱ
= 3.76;
E
= 0.76), and the lowest diversity was
found to be of Umed Bhawan pond (
ʱ
= 1.16;
E
=0.28)(Table
17.2
).
Out of 205 species recorded during the study
period, 111 species were wetland dependent spe-
cies; maximum wetland dependent were species
fromGudhatankandKhejarlipond(69species
each) (Table
17.2
). There is increasing trend
shown in the number of wetland species form 49
species(11families)inyear1992to111species
(23 families) observed during the present study
in 2012.
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