Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
less, almost 100-125 species, but in fair density
which was documented by Prakash and Ghosh
(
1964
). These species included native species,
those adapted for xeric environment, like
larks, peafowl, wheatear, pigeons, partridges,
sandgrouses, coursers, and demoiselle cranes,
and certain rare birds like great Indian bustard,
lesser lorican, and houbara bustard were also
observed. A large number of scavengers including
six species of vultures were in fair numbers.
There are several notes on wintering birds around
Jodhpur by Agoramoorthy and Mohnot (
1986
,
1989
),RanaandRana(
1985
), Bohra and Goyal
(
1992
),andKatjuandMohnot(
1995
).
In past decade, the change in bird community
of western Rajasthan is well documented in the
studies by Rahmani (
1997
) and Rahmani and
Soni
1997
). Few research contributions after year
2000 were conducted on the birds of Jodhpur by
Dookia (
2001
), Dookia and Pandey (
2004
)
Chhangani (
2002
,
2004
,
2005a
,
b
,
2008
), Singh
(
2002
,
2005
,
2009
,
2010
), Sivaperuman et al.
(
2004
),andIdrisetal.(
2009
). In addition to the
wetland species, several other aspects of ground
birds and raptors were also studied by several
researchers during the period of 2000-2013.
Hence the present study is a continuation of
all the basic studies conducted in the past. A
trend of increase in biodiversity in overall basis
of the birds is from 123 species of almost 40
families (Bohra and Goyal
1992
), 158 species
(Chhangani
2002
),and166species(Dookiaand
Pandey
2004
) to 232 species of 58 families in
2006(Singh
2009
) and about 278 species in 2010
(Singh
2010
) which is considerably high
(Table
17.1
).
but during summer water level down water
restricted to ditches), Khejarli village pond
(50 m×200 m, sandy banks with depth 20 ft,
perennial water body is village pond), Akheraj ji
pond (500 m×500 m, rocky and muddy mixed
banks with depth 25 ft), perennial water body
adjoining to Kaylana Lake with vegetations on
the banks), Umed Sagar (700 m×650 m, rocky
and muddy banks with depth 30-35 ft, perennial
water body with a check dam the muddy banks
arecroplands),SoorSagar(700m×300m,rocky
and muddy banks with depth 20-30 ft, perennial
water body, located near the residential area),
Kaylana Lake (3 km×300 m, rocky banks with
depth 30-40 ft, perennial water body is major
source of water for Jodhpur and acquires water
from Indira Gandhi Canal and rains), Barli pond
(500 m×30 m, rocky and shallow banks with
depth 10-30 ft, perennial water body is a village
pond have a temple at check dam side), and
UmedBhawanpond(200m×50m,rockybanks
with depth 20-40 ft), perennial water body with
check dam and banks have
Acacia julilora
scrubs. Data analysis was done using standard
statistical tools for estimation of diversity
(Fig.
17.1
).
Methods
Observationsweremadewitha10×50binocular.
The wetlands were covered walking on the banks.
Birds around wetland areas were also recorded
for their number and species. Observations were
also made in nearby scrublands and the gardens
up to about 100 m from the study ponds/lakes.
All observations were taken in the morning hours
from 6 to 9 am. From year 2008 to 2012, the
observations were taken in winter season from
November to February. Identiication of birds
was done using standard pictorial bird guides
(Ali and Ripley
1983
; Grimmett et al.
1998
).
The data were collected in periodical manner at
the same time, i.e., between 6 and 9 am in the
morning, to avoid any bias and repeated twice in a
month.Standardnomenclatureofbirdswasfol-
lowedusinglistbyManakadanandPittie(
2001
).
Study Area
The study was undertaken on wetlands, areas of
Jodhpur. Nine wetlands around Jodhpur were
selected for the present study, i.e., Balsamand
Lake (1 km×200 m, rocky banks with depth
30 ft, perennial water body with check dam),
Gudhavillagepond(300m×200m,sandybanks
with depth 10 ft, perennial shallow water body
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