Amphibians of Doon Valley (Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) with Their Systematics, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation Status and Threats - Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation - page 222

brown or black, a light line on upper lip, limbs
with dark crossbars, hinder side of thighs may be
with round yellow spots which are usually sepa-
rated by a dark brown/purplish network.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller in size,
with single internal vocal sacs and nuptial pad
on base of 1st fi nger (enlarged 1st metacarpal
region).
Size: Male 3.4-5.7 and female 4.4-8.9 cm in
snout to vent length.

the ground. It breeds in temporary pools and
paddy fi elds.

Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern.

Threats
Habitat pollution by agrochemicals is the main
threat to the species. Otherwise, this species is
not facing any signifi cant threats.

Tadpole
Mouth adapted for clinging with a sucker-like
disc; eyes on sides of head; tail muscular, long,
acutely pointed in fi lament form; body brown or
yellowish, irregularly mottled with dark brown
pigmentation.

Remarks
Dubois (1986/1987) considered Polypedates
himalayensis to be a subspecies of this species.

Conclusion

Distribution
South Asia from sea level up to at least 1,500 m asl.

A total of ten species belonging to eight genera,
four families were collected from the Doon
Valley and all of these are found in the eastern
part while two species ( Hoplobatrachus crassus
and Polypedates maculatus ) were not encoun-
tered in the Western Doon Valley; may be some
more surveys reveal their presence in the area.

Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Motichur forest and Rajaji
National Park ( partim ).

Uttarakhand
Dehra Dun, Pauri, Uttarkashi and Almora.
Gobind Pashu Vihar and Rajaji National Park.

Distribution of Species
in Conservation Areas of Uttarakhand

India
All over India (except Haryana, Punjab and
Rajasthan). Chhattisgarh, Eastern Ghats, Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West
Bengal.

Corbett Tiger Reserve: Seven species, Dutta-
phrynus melanostictus, D. stomaticus, Euphlyctis
cyanophlyctis, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus,
Microhyla ornata and Uperodon systoma .
Gobind Pashu Vihar: Six species, Duttaphrynus
melanostictus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Fejervarya
limnocharis, Hoplobatrachus crassus, Sphaerotheca
breviceps and Polypedates maculatus.
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve: One species,
Duttaphrynus melanostictus .
Rajaji National Park: All the ten species (see
text).
1 . Link with Arabia : Occurrence of Duttaphrynus
stomaticus , the Marbled Toad, in Oman is
signifi cant from zoogeographical point of
view.

Elsewhere
Bangladesh; Bhutan; Nepal and Sri Lanka.
China and Myanmar (uncertain).

Habitat and Ecology
Found in a wide variety of habitat types includ-
ing tropical dry and moist forests, grasslands and
agricultural areas and close to human habita-
tions. It is largely arboreal, although it can be
found on walls and hidden under rocks and
leaves. Males have been reported calling from