Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and north-eastern parts of the valley possess
prominent relief 900-2,100 m and exhibit rough
and rugged terrain with sharp rounded ridge
crests. The whole of valley is receiving large
amount of debris through strong denudation from
its northern range of the Lesser Himalaya and the
Siwaliks through a number of streams.
It lies between two intermittent ranges of the
Himalaya - the Siwaliks and the Lesser Himalaya.
It is bounded on all sides by mountains, with
Mussoorie at the centre and the two extremities
being Paonta Sahib (Himachal Pradesh) in the
west and Haridwar in a semi-circular arc. The val-
ley also forms a watershed between the Yamuna
and Ganges river systems. In fact the Yamuna and
Ganges are closest to each other as they pass
through the extremities of the Doon Valley. On the
drainage pattern, it is divisible into eastern and
western alleys by Garhi Cantonment - General
Mahadev Singh Road - Mohabbewala and
Chandrabani Reserve Forest water divide.
Geologically, it is a topographic depression of
irregular parallelogram shape with its longer axis
running parallel to Lesser Himalayan Range. It
lies between 29° 55
(Recent Amphibians)
Order: Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
(Frogs and Toads)
Suborder: Neobatrachia Reig, 1958
Family: Bufonidae Gray, 1825
(True Toads)
Genus:
Duttaphrynus
Frost et al., 2006
Duttaphrynus melanostictus
(Schneider, 1799)
Bufo melanostictus
Schneider, 1799.
Hist.
Amph. I. Jena
.; 216 (type-locality: 'India ori-
entali'); Ray, 1995.
Amphibia
. In:
Fauna of
Western Himalaya, Part 1, Uttar Pradesh.
Himalayan Ecosystem Series
: 152, fi g. 7; Ray
& Tilak, 1995.
Amphibia
. In:
Fauna of Rajaji
National Park. Fauna of Conservation Areas
5:
56-58, pl. 1; Ray, 1999.
Mem. zool. Surv. India
,
18(3): 61-64, pl. 21, 25 (Dehra Dun district);
Husain, 2003.
Wetland Ecosystem Series
5:
27-28 (Asan Wetland); Mehta & Uniyal, 2007.
Amphibia
. In:
Faunal Diversity Western Doon
Shiwaliks
: 63.
Bufo bengalensiss
Daudin, 1802 'An. XI',
Hist. Nat.
Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto
: 96 (type-locality:
'Bengale').
Bufo chlorogaster
Daudin, 1802 'An. XI',
Hist.
Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto
: 74 (type-
locality: 'sur une montagne de l'ile Java',
Indonesia).
Rana dubia
Shaw, 1802.
Gen. Zool
., 3(1): 157
(type-locality: not designated; Neotype from
'India orientali').
Bufo fl aviventris
Daudin, 1802.
Hist. Nat. Rain.
Gren. Crap., Quarto
: 74. pl. 74 (alternative
name for
Bufo chlorogaster
Daudin, 1802).
Rana melanosticta
Shaw, 1802.
Gen. Zool
.,
3(1): 174.
Bufo scaber
Daudin, 1802 'An. XI',
Hist. Nat.
Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto
: 94 (type-locality:
'India orientali').
Bufo carinatus
Gray, 1830.
Ill. Indian Zool
., Part
1: pl. 83 (Type-locality: 'Bengal').
Bufo dubius
Gray, 1830.
Ill. Indian Zool
., Part 1:
8, pl. 83.
Bufo isos
Lesson, 1834. In: Belanger (ed.).
Vo v.
Indes-Orientales N. Eur. Caucase Georgie
Perse
,
Zool
.: 333 (type-locality: 'Bengale').
′
and 30° 30
′
N Lat. and
77° 35
E Long. It is considered as
'piggy back' basin formed on the Siwalik folded
trust sheet due to down-bucking
Climate: The climate is generally temperate,
although it varies from tropical, from hot in sum-
mers to severely cold, depending upon the season
and the altitude of the specifi c location. The nearby
hilly regions often get snowfall during winter, but
although the temperature in the valley can reach
below freezing during severe cold wave, this is not
a frequent occurrence. However, summer tempera-
tures can reach up to 40 °C for a few days in the
season, whereas winter temperatures are usually
between 1.0 and 20.0 °C. During the monsoon sea-
son, there is often heavy and protracted rainfall.
′
and 78° 20
′
Systematic Account of Species
with Distribution, Ecology,
Conservation Status and Threats
Class : Amphibia Blainville, 1816
Subclass: Lissamphibia Haeckel, 1866
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