Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
percent sign at the end of the IPv6 address (see Figure 8.17). The number after the percent
sign is the virtual interface identifier used by Windows Server 2012 R2.
IPv6 interface identifier for
ipconfig
display
fIgure 8.17
Useful IPv6 Information Commands
You can use numerous commands to view, verify, and configure the network parameters of
Windows Server 2012 R2. Specifically, you can use the
netsh
command set and the
route
command set as well as the standard
ping
and
tracert
functions.
Use the
netsh
command interface (as well as the provided dialog boxes, if you want) to
examine and configure IPv6 functionality. The
netsh
command issued from the command
interpreter changes into a network shell (
netsh
) where you can configure and view both
IPv4 and IPv6 components.
Don't forget to use the ever-popular
route print
command to see the Windows Server
2012 R2 routing tables (IPv4 and IPv6). The other diagnostic commands are still available
for IPv4 as well as IPv6. In previous versions of Microsoft operating systems,
ping
was the
IPv4 command, and
ping6
was the IPv6 command. This has changed in Windows Server
2012 R2;
ping
works for both IPv4 and IPv6 to test layer 3 connectivity to remote devices.
The IPv4
tracert
command was
tracert6
for IPv6. The command is now
tracert
for
both IPv4 and IPv6, and it will show you every layer 3 (IP) hop from source to destination.
(This assumes that all of the administrators from here to there want you to see the hops and
are not blocking ICMP. It also assumes that there are no IP tunnels, which your packets are
traversing; you won't see the router hops in the tunnel either.)
Overall, the consortium of people developing the Internet and the Internet Protocol have
tried to make all of the changes to communication infrastructures easy to implement. (This
is a daunting task with the many vendors and various infrastructures currently in place.)
The goal is not to daze and confuse administrators; it's designed to provide maximum
flexibility with the greatest functionality. IPv6 is going to provide the needed layer 3
(Network layer, global addressing layer, logical addressing layer…call it what you like)
functionality for the foreseeable future.
Subnetting with IPv6
Subnetting with IPv6 is a lot like subnetting with IPv4. You need to know how many bits
you are going to use for the network mask to subnet it correctly.
For example, let's say you have an IPv6 prefix of 2001:DB8:BBCC:0000::/53 and you
need to set up your network so that your IPv6 addressing scheme can handle 1,500 more
subnets. How would you figure this out?
When determining any number of hosts or subnets, the calculation is 2 to the power (2
x
).
The first power number that is greater than or equal to the number you need is the power
number that you add to the current network mask. Thus, in the previous question, to get
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