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In-Depth Information
(
)
If
M
is chosen from
conceits
to metaphorically describe
T
, then the metaphor
M
is likely to evoke these feelings for
T
:
(
T
8
)
evoke
(
T
,
M
)
=
evoke
(
p
)
p
∈
salient
(
T
,
M
)
each denote a bag of feelings
rather than a set of feelings. Thus, the more properties of
S
that evoke
f
,themore
times that
evoke
For purposes of gradation,
evoke
(
p
)
and
evoke
(
S
)
will contain
f
, and the more likely it is that the use of
S
as a
conceit will stir the feeling
f
in the reader.
Stereotrope
can thus predict that both
feel_disgusted_by
and
feel_thrilled_by
are two possible emotional responses to the
property
bloody
(or to the stereotype
war
), but will also appreciate that the former
is by far the more likely response of the two.
The set
evoke
(
S
)
for the metaphorical conceit
TisM
can serve the goal of
poetry generation in different ways. Most obviously, it is a rich source of feelings
that can be explicitly mentioned in a poem about
T
(as viewed thru the lens of
M
).
Alternately, these feelings can be used in a meta-text to motivate and explain the
viewpoint of the poem. The act of crafting an explanatory text to showcase a poetry
system's creative intent is dubbed “
framing
”in[
6
].
Stereotrope
puts the contents
of
evoke
(
T
,
M
)
to both of these uses: in the poem itself, it expresses feelings as a
reaction to the metaphorical properties of
T
; and in an accompanying framing text, it
cites these feelings as a reason for choosing the conceit
TisM
. For example, in a poem
based on the conceit
marriage is a prison
,theset
evoke
(
T
,
M
)
contains
the feelings
bored_by, confined_in, oppressed_by, chilled_by
and
intimidated_by
.
The meta-text that frames the poem expresses the following feelings (generated
using simple natural-language generation schemas):
(
marriage
,
pr i son
)
Gruesome marriage and its depressing divorces appall me. I often feel disturbed and shocked
by marriage and its twisted rings. Does marriage revolt you?
10.5 Bridging Worlds with Phrasal Blends
If linguistic creativity is chemistry with words and ideas, then stereotypes and their
typical properties constitute the periodic table of elements that novel reactions are
made of. These are the descriptive atoms that poems combine into metaphorical
mixtures, as modeled in (1) …(8) above. But poems can also fuse these atoms into
nuanced compounds that may subtly suggest more than the sum of their parts.
Consider the poetry-friendly concept
moon
, for which Web similes provide the
following descriptive atoms:
typical(moon) = {ambent, white, round, pockmarked, shimmering, airless, silver, bulging,
cratered, waning, waxing, spooky, eerie, pale, pallid, deserted, glowing, pretty, shining,
expressionless, rising}
Corpus analysis reveals that authors combine atoms such as these in awide range of
resonant compounds. Thus, the Google 2-grams contain such compounds as “
pallid
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