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spectroscopic details are known, there remain important questions to be answered,
particularly with respect to the energetics. The low quantum yield of photo-
conversion is an obstacle for time-resolved spectroscopy. An important aim of
this review has been not only to relate the historical development of significant
research, but also to highlight and discuss the open and unanswered questions at
the time of writing. In this fast developing field, an additional number of photo-
conversion processes have been found and have also briefly been discussed.
Acknowledgements Jasper van Thor is a Royal Society University Research Fellow. JvT
acknowledges support from the European Research Council (Grant Agreement N 208650) and
EPSRC (Grant Ref EP/I003304/1).
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