Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1 Examples of genomes available for microorganisms relevant to bioremediation
Microorganism
Relevance to bioremediation
Dehalococcoides
ethanogenes
Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents to ethylene. The 16S rRNA gene etha-
nogenes s equence of D. ethanogenes is closely related to sequences that are enriched in
subsurface environments in which chlorinated solvents are being degraded
Geobacter sulfurre-
ducens, Geobacter
metallireducens
Anaerobic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and reductive precipitation of uranium.
Sulfurreducens, 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to known Geobacter species
predominate during anaerobic in situ bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons and uranium
Rhodopseudomonas
Main organism for elucidating pathways of anaerobic metabolism of aromatic palustris
compounds, and regulation of this metabolism.
Pseudomonas putida
Metabolically versatile microorganism capable of aerobically degrading a wide variety
of organic contaminants. Excellent organism for genetic engineering of bioremediation
capabilities
Dechloromonas
aromatic
Representative of ubiquitous genus of perchlorate-reducing microorganisms and capable of
the anaerobic oxidation of benzene coupled to nitrate reduction
Desulfitobacterium
hafniense
Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents and phenols. Desulfitobacterium species
are widespread in a variety of environments
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Shown to reductively precipitate uranium and chromium. An actual role in contaminated
environments is yet to be demonstrated
Shewanella oneidensis
A closely related Shewanella species was found to reduce U(VI) to U(IV) in culture, but
Shewanella species have not been shown to be important in metal reduction in any sedimen-
tary environments
Deinococcus
radiodurans
Highly resistant to radiation and so might be genetically engineered for bioremediation of
highly radioactive environments
Fig. 1.7 Genome-derived
model for physiological
differences in Geobacter
during growth on soluble
electron acceptors or
insoluble Fe(III) oxide.
(Source: Derek R. Lovley
2003 , Nature Reviews)
Greipsson S (2011) Phytoremediation. Nature Education
Knowledge 3:7
Kumar A, Pareek A, Gupta SM (2013) Biotechnology in
medicine and agriculture principles and practices. I.K.
International, New Delhi
Lovley DR (1995) Bioremediation of organic and metal
contaminants with dissimilatory metal reduction. J Ind
Microbiol Biotechnol 14:85-93
Lovley DR (2003) Cleaning up with genomics: applying
molecular biology to bioremediation. Nat Rev Micro-
biol 1:35-44
References
Brar SK, Verma M, Surampalli RY, Misra K, Tyagi RD,
Meunier N, Blais JF (2006) Bioremediation of haz-
ardous wastes—a review. Pract Period Hazard Tox
Radioact Waste Manag 10:59-72
Fetzner S, Lingens F (1994) Bacterial dehalogenases:
biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnological applica-
tions. Microbiol Rev 58:641-685
 
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