Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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primary and secondary oil spill response. Use
of conventional oil spill response is not always
advisable as in the case of Deepwater Horizon
BP oil spill, application of chemical surfactant,
Corexit increased the toxicity of oil by 52 times
(Rico-Martinez et al.
2013
). Bioremediation does
not remove toxic compounds from one to another
environment, rather it converts them into simpler
compounds that enter the biogeochemical cycle.
Thus, bioremediation that is often visualized as
a primary polishing step after conventional me-
chanical cleanup should be reconsidered after
carefully evaluating its utility and potential harm
on case by case basis (Atlas and Hazen
2011
).
Intelligent application of genomic and molec-
ular tools in understanding microbial community
metabolic networking will be influential in un-
raveling hydrocarbon degradation in the context
of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. Use of
enzymatic remediation has also been suggested
as a suitable alternative to bioremediation, since
it does away with the risk of introduction of exot-
ic or GMOs to new environments. The use of ex-
tremozymes in cold or hypersaline environments
is beneficial, since it does not suffer microbial
competitiveness (Peixoto et al.
2011
). Genome
sequencing of
A. borkumensis
showed the pres-
ence of a membrane protein that brings iron into
the cell (Schneiker et al.
2006
). Information such
as these can translate failure into success when
we know beforehand the ingredients of the cock-
tail needed to stimulate these oil degraders. After
all at stake are our habitat and future, in order to
save them, we have to be ever vigilant in pre-
venting pollution and committed in our pursuit
of a greener and cleaner technology that is eco-
friendly, useful, as well as cost effective.
References
Al-Majed AA, Adebayo AR, Hossain ME (2012)
A sustainable approach to controlling oil spills.
J Environ Manag 113:213-227. doi:10.1016/j.
jenvman.2012.07.034
Allen MA, Goh F, Burns BP, Neilan BA (2009) Bacte-
rial, archaeal and eukaryotic diversity of smooth and
pustular microbial mat communities in the hypersa-
line lagoon of Shark Bay. Geobiology 7(1):82-96.
doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00187.x
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