Management of Environmental Phosphorus Pollution Using Phytases: Current Challenges and Future Prospects - Applied Environmental Biotechnology: Present Scenario and Future Trends - page 102

Table 7.2 Different microbial sources with reported phytase production
Source organism Reference

Fungi
Aspergillus terreus Mitchell et al. ( 1997 )

Aspergillus carneus Ghareib ( 1989 )

Aspergillus oryzae Shimizu ( 1993 )

Aspergillus niger Vats and Banerjee ( 2005 )

Aspergillus fumigatus Mullaney et al. ( 2000 )

Aspergillus ficuum Ullah and Gibson ( 1987 )

Aspergillus heteromorphus Lata et al. ( 2013 )

Rhizopus oligosporus Casey and Walsh ( 2004 )

Rhizopus oryzae Ramachandran et al. ( 2005 )

Myceliophthora thermophila Mitchell et al. ( 1997 )

Penicillium simplicissimum Tseng et al. ( 2000 )

Mucor racemosus Bogar et al. ( 2003 )

Sporotrichum thermophile Singh and Satyanarayana ( 2008 )

Mucor hiemalis Boyce et al. ( 2007 )

Rhizomucor pusillus Chadha et al. ( 2004 )

Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Haraldsson et al. ( 2005 )

Pichia anomala Vohra and Satyanarayana ( 2001 )

Pichia spartinae, Pichia rhodanensis Nakamura et al. ( 2000 )

Hanseniaspora guilliermondii Hellstrom et al. ( 2010 )

Pichia stipitis, Candida tropicalis Jeffries et al. ( 2007 )

Debaryomyces castellii Ragon et al. ( 2008 )

Kodamaea ohmeri Li et al. ( 2009 )

Hansenula fabianii Watanabe et al. ( 2008 )

Bacteria
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis Angelis et al. ( 2003 )

Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Raghavendra and Halami ( 2009 )

Bacillus subtilis Powar and Jagannathan ( 1982 )

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Idriss et al. ( 2002 )

Bacillus licheniformis Kumar et al. ( 2014 )

Bacillus sp. Kumar et al. ( 2013 )

Advenella sp. Singh et al. (2014)

Escherichia coli Greiner et al. ( 1993 )

Serratia sp. Zhang et al. ( 2011 )

Actinomycetes sp. Ghobarbani-Nasrabadi et al. ( 2012 )

phohydrolase; E.C.3.1.3.26) hydrolyses the phos-
phate ester at the L-6 (or D-4) position of phytic
acid and is generally present in seeds of higher
plants. The 5-phytase ( myo- inositolhexakispho-
sphate 5-phosphohydrolase, E.C.3.1.3.72) was
identified by Barrientos et al. ( 1994 ) in pollen
from the lily flower. The initial hydrolysis of
the phosphate ester occurs at the D-5 position
of phytic acid. Phytase was first discovered by
Suzuki et al. ( 1907 ) in the course of rice bran hy-
drolysing studies. The enzyme was identified in

rice bran and reported to catalyse the hydrolysis
of phytic acid to inositol and orthophosphoric
acid. These resultant products can be found in
plants, certain animal tissues and microorgan-
isms like fungi, bacteria and yeast. The phytase
activity of microorganisms has been comprehen-
sively studied (Table 7.2 ). Shieh and Ware ( 1968 )
screened more than 2000 cultures of microorgan-
isms isolated from 68 soil samples and identi-
fied Aspergillus niger as the most active group
producing phytases. In 1982, Powar and Jagan-