Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.21
Seasonal distribution of different types of microbes at non-mangrove-dominated zone during March 1998
to February 1999
Medium
Nutrient agar
Zobell
'
s marine agar
Proteolytic medium
Season
Pre-monsoon (March
-
June)
05
07
04
Monsoon (July
October)
11
09
06
-
Post-monsoon (November
-
February)
03
06
02
Dilution factor 10
3
/l ml
presence indicates the possibility of the presence
of pathogenic organisms. The coliform group
comprises all of the facultative and aerobic
Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod-shaped
bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation
within 48 h at 37
Table 2.22
Fungal species isolated from mangrove
Species
Aigialus striatispora
Aniptodera longispora
Aniptodera salsuginosa
Calathella mangrovei
Cryptovalsa halosarceicola
Eutypa bathurstensis
Falciformispora lignatilis
Halophytophthora kandilae
Halophytophthora kandilae
Halophytophthora vesicular
Halophytophthora spinosa
Halosarpheia munuta
Hapsidascus hadrus
Hypoxylon oceanicum
Julella avicenniae
Khuskia oryzae
Lophiostoma asiana
M. ramunculicola
Massarina armatispora
Massarina velatospora
Payosphaeria minuta
Pedumispora sp.
Phomopsis mangrovei
Saccardoella sp.
Trematospaeria lineolatispora
°
C. The
Coliform
bacteria
include
in genera
Escherichia
,
Citrobacter
,
Enterobacter
. Studies on the fae-
cal coliform load in the Hooghly estuarine
complex of West Bengal revealed a range
between 55.29 and 183.06 mg/l, which is not a
healthy picture of the estuarine ecosystem.
Mangals of the brackish water system are
home to a group of fungi called
and
Klebsiella
'
manglicolous
fungi
. These organisms are vitally important to
nutrient cycling in these habitats (Hyde and Lee
1995
; Kohlmeyer et al.
1995
). Kohlmeyer and
Kohlmeyer (
1979
) were the
'
rst to review this
group. They recognized 43 species of higher
fungi, including 23 Ascomycetes, 17 Deutero-
mycetes and 3 Basidiomycetes. Hyde (
1990a
)
listed 120 species from 29 mangrove forests
around the world. These included 87 Ascomy-
cetes, 31 Deuteromycetes and 2 Basidiomycetes.
Work in individual habitats has revealed sur-
prisingly diverse fungal communities (e.g. Hyde
1990b
; Hyde
1996
). Chinnaraj (
1993a
) identi
ed
63 species of higher fungi in mangrove samples
from Andaman and Nicobar Islands alone. Sim-
ilar samples from Lakshadweep Island yielded
32 species (Chinnaraj
1992
), and 39 species were
found in mangrove samples from the Maldives
(Chinnaraj
1993b
). Ravikumar and Vittal (
1996
)
found 48 fungal species in decomposing
Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, Steinke and
Jones (
1993
) identi
ed 93 species of marine
fungi, including 55 from mangrove wood (par-
ticularly
). Table
2.22
lists
some of the fungal species identi
Avicennia marina
Rhizo-
ed in these
phora
debris in Pichavaram, South India. On the
studies.
