Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.5
Net primary production (NPP) and energetics of benthic macroalgae
Species
NPP
(g/m
2
/day)
Glucose
(g/m
2
/day)
Energy
(kcal/m
2
/day)
Percentage
of GPP
Net
efciencies
Chlorophyceae
Enteromorpha
intestinalis
3.26
8.150
30.48
85.00
0.55
E. prolifera
0.98
2.450
9.14
89.09
0.16
Ulva lacuta
2.25
5.630
22.04
88.58
0.38
Rhizoclonium grande
0.32
0.800
2.99
80.01
0.05
Rhodophyceae
Bostrychea radicans
0.86
2.154
8.04
68.25
0.15
Bostrychea
sp.
0.38
0.950
3.56
62.29
0.06
Catenella nipae
0.86
2.150
8.04
75.43
0.15
C. adnata
0.12
0.300
2.12
50.00
0.02
C. leprieurii
0.21
0.530
2.97
77.77
0.03
Gracilaria verrucosa
0.62
2.550
5.80
64.98
0.10
Total
9.86
24.660
92.18
76.99
2.65
Mean
0.97
2.470
9.22
77.18
0.17
Fig. 2.10
Seagrass patch in the coastal zone
the tropical, temperate and sub-Arctic regions.
The tide is the dominating characteristic of a salt
marsh. The salinity of the aquatic phase de
tide; the high marsh, which is at a slightly higher
elevation, floods less frequently.
Salt marshes
usually are developed on a
sinking coastline, originating as mud
nes
the plants and animals species that can survive in
the marsh area. The vertical range of the tide
determines
ats in the
shallow water of sheltered bays, lagoons and
estuaries, or behind sandbars. They are formed
where salinity is high, ranging from 20 to 30 psu.
Proceeding up the estuary, there is a transitional
zone where salinity ranges from 20 to less than 5
psu. In the upper estuary, where river input
dominates, the water has only a trace of salt. This
fl
ooding depths and thus the height of
the vegetation, and the tidal cycle controls how
often and how long vegetation is submerged. Two
areas are delineated by the tide: the low marsh and
the high marsh. The low marsh generally
fl
oods
and drains twice daily with the rise and fall of the
fl
