Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.12
Major salt ions contributing to sea water salinity with their respective valency and weight
Chemical ion
Valency
Concentration
(ppm or mg/kg)
Part of salinity (%)
Molecular/atomic
weight
µ
mol/kg
Chloride ion Cl
1
19,345
55.03
35.453
546
−
Sodium Na
+1
10,752
30.59
22.990
468
Sulphite SO
4
2
2,701
7.68
96.062
28.1
−
Magnesium Mg
+2
1,295
3.68
24.305
53.3
Calcium Ca
+2
416
1.18
40.078
10.4
Potassium K
+1
390
1.11
39.098
9.97
Bicarbonate HCO
3
−
1
145
0.41
61.016
2.34
Bromide Br
1
66
0.19
79.904
0.83
−
Borate BO
3
−
3
27
0.08
58.808
0.46
Strontium Sr
+2
13
0.04
87.620
0.091
Fluoride F
−
1
1
0.003
18.998
0.068
Fig. 1.25
Salinity prole
of important oceanic
regions
Table 1.13
Major Indian estuaries with the major cities along their banks, city population and wastewater discharge
(wherever known)
Estuary/river
Population (10
6
)
Major city
Wastewater discharge
(10
6
m
3
/day)
Sabarmati
Ahmadabad, Gandhinagar
4.7
14
Narmada
Jabalpur, Bharuch
1.3
Not available
Tapi
Sural
2.8
Not available
Mahim, Ulhas, Thane
Mumbai
16.5
2.8
Cochin Backwaters
Kochi
1.4
0.1
Cauvery
Thiruchirapalli, Erode
1.3
0.1
Ennore, Adyar
Chennai
6.7
0.01
Krishna
Hyderabad, Vijayawada
6.7
Not available
Hooghly
Kolkata
13.2
15.3
Source
Satish (
2011
)
