Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
initiation of the payments for ecosystem
services (PES).
(B)
Capacity Building
The expansion of coastal vegetation cannot
be done solely by the scientists (preferably
the ecologists). Without community desire,
support and active participation from the
initial stage to
through which the funds
ow. In regions
like Solomon Island, disproportionate eco-
nomic gain of forest resources has bene
fl
ted
well-connected insiders (for example corrupt
government and departments). However,
successful conservation movement has been
observed in Costa Rica, Brazil, where a
community driver REDD+ system with the
government as facilitator has been observed
to be a healthy partnership.
(E)
Linking Livelihood with Conservation
One of the important mechanisms to reduce
the decline of mangrove forests is the
introduction of PES. More recently, this has
occurred within international and national
programmes to reduce emissions from
deforestation and degradation (REDD+),
whereby developing countries are compen-
sated for maintaining carbon sequestration
functions of their forests. Recent assess-
ments indicate that mangrove forest is a
unique sink of carbon, and therefore, PES
and carbon credit systems may offer the
opportunity to achieve the dual goals of
poverty reduction and protection of blue
carbon reservoir. Development of REDD+
programmes will therefore ensure livelihood
and security and sustainable use of
nal implementation stage,
the process of conservation will not succeed.
The local community must also be involved
during the entire monitoring process. Com-
munity-based participation in data collection
and monitoring is possible if supplemented
with capacity training. Signi
cant commu-
nity awareness capacity building (preferably
for raising nurseries, erosion control,
embankment construction, etc.) and assis-
tance
ows can be achieved through gov-
ernment and NGOs. Global experience from
several large-scale REDD+ projects involv-
ing indigenous tribes (as for example in
Costa Rica, Brazil) exhibited that multiple
years of assistance in clarifying land tenure
and carbon ownership rights, inter- and in-
tratribal negotiations, technical training and
fl
nancial guidance are required. For this
purpose, a knowledge hub or incubation
centre may be developed (preferably in the
sphere of agribusiness, pisciculture and
alternative livelihood) where training on
regular basis should be imparted by experts
to the local community.
C)
Partner Selection
In order to develop and implement successful
carbon bank in the coastal areas, it is extre-
mely essential to procure support from tech-
nical,
the
mangrove resources.
(F)
Marketing Facility
The alternative livelihood programmes
designed to reduce the stress on the blue car-
bon community of the coastal zone often face
failure due to absence of concrete market
channel and sometimes due to lack of proper
storage facilities. The example of jelly pre-
pared frommangrove fruit
nancial and legal experts, i.e. often
lacking at both village and government
scales. Trustworthy, high-quality NGOs with
demonstrable previous experience in carbon
sequestration-related projects or REDD+ pro-
jects should be identi
Sonneratia apetala
can be cited in this context. This jelly is rich in
Vitamin C and other mineral contents and is
comparable to several other branded products,
but the ground-level manufacturer of this jelly
could not market it due to lack of coordination,
transportation and bulk storage facilities. The
manufacturers of this mangrove fruit product
therefore suffered a loss of Rs. 16300/- in one
month even the quality of the jelly was
certi
ed and vetted to assist
in establishing a sound blue carbon conser-
vation programme.
(D)
Facilitator Selection
It is observed that the movement of con-
servation often becomes unsuccessful due to
deep-rooted corruption in several
ed by experts. Similarly, the freshwater
prawn produced through a Department of
tiers
