Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 8.9
Mangrove
seedlings grow on the
carbon-rich soil
(contribution of mangrove
litter) of intertidal mudflats
Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol provides
transfer of emission credits between Annex I
countries. Those Annex I countries which
achieve more than their national targets under
this protocol may sell their excess carbon credits
to other Annex I countries.
Thus CDM is a process under which envi-
ronment-friendly investments take place in
developing countries through the governments
and businesses from developed countries which
helps both the former and latter. This took shape
after the Kyoto Protocol adopted under the UN-
FCCC came into force in 2005 following rati
their targets for emissions avoided when it makes
investments in these projects in non-Annex I
countries which are able to achieve sustainable
development at a faster pace by following the
eco-friendly approach.
CDM Projects: Who Qualify?
Under the Kyoto Protocol, there are a number of
projects that qualify as CDM projects. While it is
dif
cult to list all such projects here, the general
outline and scope of these projects have been
given in the following points:
1. Land use, land use change and forestry
sector (LULUCF)
-
cation by Russia.
Under the CDM mechanism, Annex I parties
can achieve their emission reduction targets by
taking investments either through their govern-
ments or through private businesses in non-
Annex I countries. This is a cheaper option and
helps both the Annex I country which is directly
and indirectly making investments and the non-
Annex I country where the investment is being
made. The developed country gets credits against
afforestation and refor-
estation, which function as carbon sinks.
2. Small-scale
—
renewable
energy project activities having a maximum
output capacity equivalent to up to 15 MW,
energy
CDM projects
—
ciency improvement projects
leading to the reduction of energy con-
sumption and other small-scale projects that
reduce anthropogenic emissions of green
house gases.
ef
