Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
world
s marine ecosystem. In the Andaman Sea,
there are three mangrove-associated seagrasses,
Thalassia hemprichii
'
References
,
Enhalus acoroides
and
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project no. 15017-1999-05 FIEF ISP FR
Halophila ovalis
(Poovachiranon and Changsang
1994
). Intertidal mangrove areas in the Gazi Bay,
Kenya, are colonized by
—
Joint
Thalassia hemprichii
,
Research Centre, Ispra
Alongi DM, Christoffersen P, Tirendi F (1993) The
in
Halophila ovalis
and
Halodule wrightii
(Coppen-
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1992
).
Halophila baccarii
occurs on
uence of forest type on microbial-nutrient relation-
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fl
intertidal mud
ats of the Indian mangals (Jagtap
1991
). Tussenbrock (
1995
) found that seagrass
growth, biomass and primary production were all
higher in the vicinity of mangrove discharges than
they were in other habitats. Respiratory carbon
dioxide derived frommangrove particulate organic
matter (POM) could be a carbon source for seagrass
and could promote faster growth.
In the present
fl
19
Balsamo RA, Thomson WW (1995) Salt effects on
membranes of the hypodermis and mesophyll cells of
Avicennia germinans
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(Avicenniaceae): a freeze-frac-
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, great emphasis has been
given on the study of methanogenesis, which
may be regarded as the
era
-
nal step in the process of
mineralization of organic matter. It has been
recorded that oceanic water is supersaturated
with methane, attributed to its in situ production
(Seiler and Schmidt
1974
).
Methanogens are strict anaerobes, being inac-
tivated by the presence of oxygen. The organisms
are abundant below Eh values of
473
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-
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200 mV (Mah
et al.
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) and are unable to compete with sul-
phate reducers until the sulphate has been deple-
ted. In marine sediments, only the upper few
millimetres are oxygenated. Below this layer for a
few centimetres, NO
3
−
serves as the electron
acceptor. Then, below this level for a further few
centimetres, SO
4
2
−
is the electron acceptor and, in
the deeper sediment, methanogenesis proceeds.
The energy yield also decreases from oxygen to
methane. Moreover, there is a decrease in the
range of energy substrates which can be utilized, i.
e., this is unique picture of decline in nutritional
versatility. Organic carbon may be oxidized to
carbon dioxide in the anaerobic layers of metha-
nogens (such as
−
84
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—
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-
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-
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-
), which
have been recovered from the anaerobic environ-
ment of the ocean
Methanococcus vanielii
352
-
oor. The methane generated by
methanogens is undoubtedly re-oxidized to car-
bon dioxide at the sediment surface, before
assimilation by
chemolithotrophs
. Complete
mineralization inevitably involves many different
organisms (Jorgensen
1980
).
fl
Chakraborty P (1996)
in coastal zone man-
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Coastal Zone Management
—
A Manual. Published by
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-
49
Coppejans E, Beeekman H, Wit MDe (1992) The seagrass
and associated macroalgal vegetation of Gazi Bay
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