Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Unraveling the Complexity of Genes and Networks to Survive - Abiotic Stress: Plant Responses and Applications in Agriculture - page 68

Gene/Promoter Origin Plant Main Effects Ref.

odc ;
CaMV 35S

Increased ODC activity; Increased Put and
Nicotine

S. cerevisae Tobacco [251]

samdc ;
CaMV 35S

Increased SAMDC activity; Spd and Spm levels.
Lower Put levels. Thick leaves, stems and
stunting.

Human Tobacco [252]

adc ;
Tet- inducible
promoter

Increased ADC activity; Phenotypic alterations
pp to Put levels (thin stems and leaves, leaf
necrosis, chlorosis, short internodes and
growth inhibition)

Oat Tobacco [226]

adc;
CaMV 35S

Increased ADC activity; ODC and SAMDC
normal; Increased Agm; Put, Spd and Spm
normal.

Oat Tobacco [227]

adc;
CaMV 35S

Increased Put and less chlorophyll loss during
drought. Severe altered phenotypes.

Oat Rice [228]

adc;
ABA- inducible
promoter

Increased Put, ADC activity and biomass under
salt stress. Oat Rice [229]

samdc;
E8 promoter

Increased Spd and Spm. Enhanced
phytonutrient content and fruit quality

Yeast Tomato [246, 247]

adc;
Ubi-1 promoter

Higher Put, Spd and Spm levels and drought
tolerance

D. stramonium Rice [230]

adc;
CaMV 35S

Increased Agm, Put and Spd levels. Absence of
phenotypic alterations and altered growth
(second generation homozygous plants).

Oat M. truncatula [241, 242]

adc;
CaMV 35S

Increased Put, Spd and Spm levels; multiple
abiotic stress resistance and fungal resistance.

Oat Eggplant [248]

adc1 ; adc2 ;
CaMV 35S

Increased Put; freezing and drought tolerance.

Arabidopsis Arabidopsis [244, 245]

Table 2. Genetic Engineering of plants towards polyamine accumulation

stapfianus [260], Arabidopsis thaliana [261], Tortura ruralis [262], Nicotiana tabacum [263] and
recently found in Coffea canephora [264].

Contrary to the other members of the cab family that are expressed constitutively, ELIPs
accumulate transiently during the greening of etiolated plants [265] and in developing plastid
membranes [266]. In mature plants, ELIPs also accumulate in response to various stress
conditions including ABA or desiccation [258], nutrient starvation [259], high light [267, 268],
UV-B [269], cold [270], methyl jasmonate [271], salinity [262] and senescence [263]. ELIPs and