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these species involves the developmental arrest of one of the organ primordia - either the
maize), bearing generative organs of both sexes on the same plant. Sex determination in
opmentally-induced PCD is a formation of unisexual flowers in monoecious species (e.g.
of lytic enzymes, followed by degradation of cellular content [2]. Another example of devel‐
after secondary wall synthesis and begins with a collapse of the central vacuole and release
mineral salts, and serve as a structural support in vascular plants. Their formation occurs
during xylem differentiation. Tracheary elements are long cells that transport water and
development of some tissues and organs. It is involved in tracheary elements formulation
duced PCD. The first one is a genetically encoded process which plays a crucial role in the
There are two main categories of PCD in plants: developmentally- and environmentally-in‐
signal transduction pathways [1].
necrosis does not require the activity of proteases nor nucleases and is not associated with
more, while PCD can occur during development and is regulated by complex mechanisms,
shrinkage and fragmentation of both cytoplasm and nucleus and DNA laddering. Further‐
lated and organized process. This controlled disassembly of cell involves the condensation,
death, which proceeds via swelling, lysis and leakage of cell content, PCD is a highly regu‐
removing of damaged or infected cells and acclimatory response. In contrast to necrotic
isms, it plays an important role in the cell homeostasis maintenance, tissue specialization,
PCD is an essential cell suicide process in animals, yeast and plants. In multicellular organ‐
esses and programmed cell death (PCD) is induced.
certain threshold of these changes, plant cells can no longer maintain proper metabolic proc‐
tions like high light, ultraviolet radiation, drought, salt stress, heat, cold or flooding. Upon
Because of their sessile nature, plants are unable to avoid fluctuating environment condi‐
1. Introduction
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53127
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
Weronika Wituszyńska and Stanisław Karpiński
UV and Drought Stress in Plants
Programmed Cell Death as a Response to High Light,
Chapter 7
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