Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
and severe fruit cracking [148]. In a previous study, Tindal [149] reported that rambutan is
adapted to warm tropical climates of approximately 22-30°C and is sensitive to temperatures
below 10°C. In mangosteen, LT (below 20°C) markedly slowed down the overall growth of
the tree, whereas HT (above 35°C) caused some stresses on the trees [150]. Low temperatures
during floral development in fruit trees result in fewer healthy flowers. On the other hand HT
during floral development causes dryness and leads to sterility. Larcher [151] showed that
banana, papaya, mango, grape and orange are sensitive to LT and lose their quality and
productivity. Aslamarz et al. [152] studied several walnut cultivars and genotypes and found
the temperature had a great influence on the performance of trees. On the basis of the heat
requirements, walnut trees were classified as: low requirement, medium requirement, or high
requirement. In most of the cases, HT regimes result in the best quality fruits but extremely
HTs for extended periods of time are known to cause damage.
Tree species
Optimum temperature
References
Mangifera indica
24-27°C
[153]
Litchi chinensis
25-35°C
[149]
Psidium guajava
23-28°C
[154]
Artocarpus heterophyllus
16-28°C
[155]
Dimocarpus longan
20-25°C
[154]
Durio zibethinus
24-30°C
[154]
Nephelium lappaceum
25-32°C
[154]
Musa spp.
20-35°C
[156]
Vitis vinifera
10-35°C
[157]
Cocos nucifera
20-32°C
[158]
Anacardium occidentale
20-35°C
[159]
Table 3.
Optimum temperature ranges for growth of some tropical fruit trees
5. Oxidative stress under extreme temperature
Oxidative stress has been mentioned as a common metabolic route of different stresses [160],
and the regulation of oxidative stress has been mentioned as an indication of abiotic stress
tolerance of plants by different studies [3, 161-163]. Several recent reports indicated that under
abiotic stress production of free radicles or ROS markedly increased [3, 164-166]. Temperature
stress accelerates the generation of ROS including singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
), superoxide radical
(O
2
•
-
), hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and hydroxyl radical (OH•), thereby induced oxidative
stress [10, 167]. In plant cells, ROS are continuously produced as a consequence of aerobic
metabolism in all the intracellular organelles, particularly in the chloroplast, mitochondria and
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