Agriculture Reference
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anatomy, morphology and kinds of RS. Then, we will review recent advances in the knowl‐
modulates post-embryonic plant root development. We will begin with a discussion of origin,
environmental cues [5, 7]. The aim of this chapter is to provide a review of how abiotic stress
physiological, molecular and biochemical basis of how the PERDP could be modified by abiotic
nutrient-rich zones. In the last two decades, progress has been made understanding the
enhance nutrient capture, plant roots have modified their root architecture to explore those
however, nutrients and water are distributed in a heterogeneous or patchy manner. In order to
their root architecture to adapt to abiotic stress [4-6]. Soils provide plants with water and nutrients;
tion area. This particular characteristic permits plants, which are sessile organisms, to change
lateral meristems formed from the pericycle, and cell expansion performed in the root elonga‐
is essentially driven by two cellular processes, cell division in the apical root meristem and new
permits high phenotypic plasticity in response to stressing environmental conditions. PERDP
embrionary root developmental program (PERDP). This program is not rigid, and actually
acquisition of water and nutrients. Each kind of RSA is guided by a genetically controlled post-
plex branching patterns, achieving the most effective performance regarding anchorage and the
spatial configuration of the root system) among species, from non-branched to highly com‐
know [1-3]. Land plants nowadays present a wide diversity of root system architectures (RSA;
tion the ancestral root-like organ was replaced by a complex root system (RS) as the one we now
Therefore, to increase the efficiency of exploration of heterogeneous soil, during plant evolu‐
promoting more sophisticated vegetation and expanding the limits of land plant colonization.
plants colonized this medium, the sandy substrate was replaced by heterogeneous soil,
problems of water and nutrient acquisition, they were probably rather simple. As the earliest
for the earliest land plants. Taking into account that those ancestral root-like organs did not face
organs were developed. The interface between land and water bodies was probably the medium
As soon as plants became independent from homogeneous aquatic environments, root-like
1. Introduction
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55043
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
I. Zepeda-Jazo
L. Sánchez-Calderón, M.E. Ibarra-Cortés and
Root Development and Abiotic Stress Adaptation
Chapter 5
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