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genuinely convinced of th
arrived.
1
Tim's belief is suc
knows. The second time, h
father is now looking at th
known, Mike's entry would
sees in the reaction of the
house, undermines Tim's
perspective the belief fail
unsuccessful for the father i
(Parikh, 1994, p.530) pro
of successful behavior. He
choice between two boxes,
Suppose now th
contains the cheese.
cheese is", and wou
him a clue. Perhaps
knew where the chee
on our perception o
which we were unab
he (true) belief (ascribed to the dog) that the mother
ccessful for the father in this sense, so he says that the d
however, he says that Tim "actually didn't know ...". T
he situation in a diachronic way. If the dog had actua
d not have disappointed him as it apparently did. The fat
dog proof that the new datum, namely Mike entering
belief that the mother has arrived. From the fath
s to remain strong through time, thus being the be
in this new sense.
oposes a criterion of knowledge which emphasizes the i
gives the example of a mouse in a maze which is give
one of which contains cheese, but not the other. He says
at the mouse invariably goes to that box which
We would then say, "he somehow knows where the
uld look for some evidence that might have given
we would find such a clue, but our judgment that he
ese was would not depend on such a clue, but rather
of successful behaviour on the part of the mouse
ble to otherwise understand.
has
dog
The
ally
ther
the
her's
elief
idea
en a
s:
The idea exemplified ab
530), with the usual way t
Gettier Blocker (Meeker, 2
to prevent a justified true b
accidentally true.
In our present paper, w
develop it to provide a mor
that ...'. In order to do this w
a belief can be said to be su
of the agent who evaluates t
bove contrasts, as Parikh pointed out in his paper (pp. 5
to think of knowledge in terms of Justified True Belie
2004, p.157), where the Gettier Blocker is a clause devi
belief to be considered knowledge when the belief is o
529-
ef +
ised
only
e modify Parikh's idea of successful behavior, and try
re general understanding of what is usually called 'to kn
we will distinguish among three possible respects in wh
uccessful at a time
t
, that depends upon the relative posit
the belief. We will distinguish among
y to
now
hich
tion
1)
an agent who evalu
particular time (
fir
uates someone's belief according to internal conditions
rst person perspective
),
uates someone's belief according to external conditions
cond person perspective
),
ent who evaluates someone's belief according to exter
n interval of time (
third person perspective
).
at a
2)
an agent who evalu
particular time (
sec
at a
3)
and finally an age
conditions over an
rnal
Our criterion to determ
depend on the perspective w
positive, if we claim at a tim
at
t
to be successful from
1
Observe the difference betw
where is a belief. A pers
mental state at a time
t'
>
t
. O
at
t
' to express that a person
state.
mine whether someone knows something or not at
t
w
we take, and thus on the particular context. If the answe
me
t
that someone knows that
(for the belief has pro
m the perspective we are taking), this claim may still
ween 'being genuinely convinced of ' and 'fully believe that
son who fully believes that at a time
t
is allowed a chang
On the other hand, we are using 'being genuinely convinced o
n fully believes that
will
er is
oved
l be
',
e of
f
at
t
, and nothing can change this me
ental
