Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
population declines in long-tailed macaques, particularly in Cambodia
(Eudey,
2008
). Efforts will be needed to ensure that a high volume of
uncontrolled trade does not decimate Southeast Asian long-tailed macaque
populations.
References
Eudey, M. (2008) The crab-eating macaque (
Macaca fascicularis
): Widespread and
rapidly declining.
Primate Conservation
,
23
: 129-132.
Fooden, J. (2006) Comparative review of Fascicularis-group species of Macaques
(primates:
Macaca
).
Fieldiana Zoology
,
107
: 1-34.
International Primatological Society (2007) IPS International Guidelines for the
Acquisition, Care and Breeding of Nonhuman Primates 2nd Edition. IPS,
USA. UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database. www.unep-wcmc.org/citestrade,
accessed 1 February 2010.
Ong, P and Richardson, M. (2008)
Macaca fuscicularis
. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species.
World Health Organization (1971) Health Aspects of the Supply and Use of Non-
Human Primates for Bio-medical Purposes. Technical Report Series No. 470.
World Health Organization, Geneva.
population (Crockett
et al
.,
1996
; Kyes
et al
.,
1998
). Between 1991 and 1997
there were thirteen harvests and 707 young macaques between the age of one
and three were removed from the population (Kyes
et al
.,
1998
). These num-
bers are far below world demand, and current evidence suggests many illegal
long-tailed macaques are being brought into legal trading markets from places
like Cambodia and Laos (Eudey,
2008
; Hamada
et al
., Chapter 3, see Box 1.2
and 3.1). The Tinjil system provides a more sustainable way of supplying inva-
sive research needs than uncontrolled wild harvesting. Despite this, the system
fails to produce enough individuals to meet demand and falls into a legal gray
area for trading regulations (i.e., are they wild-caught or captive bred).
The human-macaque interface
Since long-tailed macaques are widely distributed across Southeast Asia and are
well adapted for living in human-modified environments (Richard
et al
.,
1989
;
Wheatley,
1999
), they are ecologically associated with humans (i.e., synan-
thropic) in several different types of environments across a wide geographical
range (Aggimarangsee,
1992
; Fuentes
et al
.,
2008
; Malaivijitnond and Hamada,
2008
) (
Table 1.2
). These regions are referred to as macaque-human interface
