Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
concern to the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD)
of Hong Kong. They have since begun taking organized measures to manage
the population by controlling the level of feeding and initiating a contraception
program (Wong and Chow,
2004
).
West Papua, Indonesia
M. fascicularis
has colonized a small region in West Papua, Indonesia, near
the city of Jayapura, (Kemp and Burnett,
2003
;
2007
). The monkeys have been
there for ~30-100 years, but their population has not expanded. In fact, the
population consists of only six groups of ~10 macaques each, yielding a total
of 60-70 monkeys (Kemp and Burnett,
2003
;
2007
). They were first reported
there in the 1980s, but their introduction may have occurred as early as 1910
during the Dutch administration or they may have been carried by foreign-
ers in the mid 1900s between 1941 and the 1970s (Kemp and Burnett,
2003
).
Several theories exist for how long-tailed macaques were introduced to Papua.
They may have been carried by the armed forces during WW II or possibly
were brought during transmigration settlement that moved Indonesian people
from Java to Papua (see Kemp and Burnett,
2003
for a list of plausible ideas).
However they were carried, it was enthnophoresy. The macaque population on
Papua has not become invasive, as Papua seems to be highly resistant to the
effects of several typically invasive species that have been introduced to the
island (Heinsohn,
2003
). The Papua macaques present a case for investigating
why this population has not expanded like on Mauritius.
Kabaena Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia
There are general reports that long-tailed macaques have been successfully
introduced to Sulawesi (Long,
2003
), but there is very little specific information
about exotic
M. fascicularis
on this island. It is clearly documented that pet long-
tailed macaques exist on the mainland of Sulawesi (Jones-Engel
et al
.,
2004
), but
free-ranging long-tailed macaques have only been clearly reported to occur on
Kabaena Island, a small isle off the southwest coast of the southeastern arm of
Sulawesi (Froehlich
et al
.,
2003
). Little is known about this population or its intro-
duction, but it is reported that this feral population shows distinct morphological
differences from other
M. fascicularis
populations. The females are dwarfed and
the males are larger than average, making them more sexually dimorphic than
typical (Froehlich
et al
.,
2003
). Given the paucity of data on the Kabaena long-
tailed macaques, we have little information on their impact. It is reported that the
