Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.1.
Types of landscaping and structures that could be strategically
modified in human-macaque interface zones in an effort to lessen conflict.
Trash bins and
containers
Enclosed in caging, automated or complex locks and opening/closing
mechanisms, repellants and deterrents for entering, all litter must
be removed from community
Fences and walls
Smooth and difficult to scale, electrification, motion-triggered water
spurts, no handholds, top cannot be traversable
Car parks
Enclosed, enter directly into homes or apartments, encourage
owners to cover cars if concerned with damage
Doors
Self closing and reinforced, use of barred-door as barrier to main
door, no pet entries
Windows
Self-closing and reinforced, ornamental bars over window
Walkways
Underground or enclosed, make wide enough for people to pass a
macaque at a >1m distance, shuttle buses or bicycles to carry
people, walkways on both sides of road, employ guards
Bridges
Enclosed or do not make too narrow, provide two separate
pedestrian bridges where possible
Gardens
Enclosed, electrified fencing, motion-triggered water spurts, alarms
Homes and
apartments
Roofing that cannot be pulled off, structures that prevent or do not
allow easy scaling up side, enclosed in fencing
Streets and roads
Speed bumps in areas of high interface, provide signs and warning in
areas where macaque may be in streets
Signage and
communication
Development of well-researched and clear signage, public
announcements indicating proper behavior and ways to avoid
conflict with macaques
landscape that merit special attention when attempting to manage conflict at
the human-macaque interface.
Disposal of refuse
Refuse represents an easily accessible, high-yield, and reliable food source for
macaques. Thus, refuse bins and waste containment are among the most import-
ant anthropogenic aspects of human-macaque interface zones. Macaques that
can access refuse will stay in the vicinity to rest and socialize before moving
to a new location (Gumert, unpublished data)., Therefore, removing access
to trash is one of the most effective methods for limiting overlap between
humans and macaques and reducing conflict. Refuse bins and waste contain-
ers must be macaque-proofed (see
Figures 12.4
and
12.5
). For example, trash
bins should self-close and have mechanisms that are operable by humans, but
not macaques. Similarly, litter draws macaques, so attempts at reducing litter
must be vigorous, and anti-litter enforcement is particularly important.
