Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The actual pavement recommendations should be developed when the subgrade is exposed
(the pavement thickness will depend on the underlying bearing material).
For concrete in the plaza area, it is best to provide the concrete with numerous joints to
provide locations for crack control. In addition, the concrete can be reinforced with steel
reinforcement. To reduce the possibility of differential movement of concrete sections,
steel dowels can be placed within the concrete and across the joints. Any structure in the
plaza area that is settlement-sensitive (such as a water fountain or statue) can be placed on
piles embedded in the stadium conglomerate bedrock.
Site Drainage
Proper surface drainage is required to help reduce water migration adjacent to the founda-
tions. As a minimum, the following standard drainage guidelines should be considered dur-
ing final plan preparation and
or construction:
1.
Roof drains should be installed on the building and tied via a
tight line
to a drain system
that empties to the street, a storm drain, or terrace drain.
2.
Surface water should flow away from structures and be directed to suitable (maintained)
disposal systems such as yard drains, drainage swales, and street gutters. Five percent
drainage directed away from the building is recommended, and 2 percent minimum is
recommended over soil areas. Planter areas adjacent to the foundation should be mini-
mized. Preferably within 5 ft of the building, the planters should be self-contained with
appropriate drainage outlets (i.e., drainage outlets tied via a tight line to a yard drain sys-
tem).
3.
No drains should be allowed to empty adjacent to the building.
4.
PVC Schedule 40, ABS, or equivalent is preferred for yard drains. A corrugated plastic
yard drain should not be used.
Seismic Design Parameters
A risk common to all southern California areas which should not be overlooked is the
potential for damage resulting from seismic events (earthquakes). Even if the structural
engineer or architect designs in accordance with applicable codes for seismic design, the
possibility of damage occurring cannot be ruled out if moderate shaking occurs as a result
of a large earthquake. This is the case for essentially all buildings in southern California.
The building should be designed in accordance with the latest
Uniform Building Code
(1997) criteria for seismic design. The site area should be categorized as seismic zone 4.
The following parameters may be used by the structural engineer or architect for seis-
mic design. These parameters are based upon the 1997
Uniform Building Code
(chapter 16)
and recent earthquake and fault studies for the general area of the site. In determining these
values, it was assumed that the nearest active fault zone is Rose Canyon, which is assumed
to be located at a distance greater than 15 km from the site. In addition, a slip rate of 2
mm
yr was assumed. The following parameters are considered minimums for design of the
building, and they were developed assuming that all the building foundation elements are
supported on piles embedded in stadium conglomerate bedrock:
●
Soil profile type S
A
●
Seismic zone factor 0.40
●
Seismic source type B
●
Near-source factor of 1.0
