Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
through the use of subsurface drainage systems. Other methods to increase the factor of
safety of slopes include grading options, such as the construction of a buttress, slope stabi-
lization fill, or shear key (Sec. 9.7.2).
3.
Engineering Design:
Probably the most effective and commonly used engineering
design is deep foundations (Chap. 13). The deep foundations may need to be designed to
resist earthquake-induced downdrag loads, eccentric loads, and lateral loads (Sec. 11.7).
For slope stability hazards, engineering design would include the construction of pile or
pier walls, tieback anchors, soil nailing, and other types of engineered systems.
4.
Post-Earthquake Repair:
This is technically not a mitigation measure. However, it
is included because it is often the only alternative for certain facilities. They include roads,
utilities, and irrigation canals that must cross the active fault zone. Since the hazard cannot be
avoided, the goal is to construct the facility so that damage is minimized. For example, if a
road must cross an active fault zone, then the best approach is to construct the road so that it
crosses the fault at level ground and in a perpendicular direction, such as shown in Fig. 11.1.
With materials stored nearby, the post-earthquake repair can be quickly implemented.
