Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 13.2
Examples of mat foundations. (
a
) Flat plate; (
b
) plate thickened under columns; (
c
) beam-
and-slab; (
d
) plate with pedestals; (
e
) basement walls as part of mat. (
Reproduced from Bowles 1982 with
permission of McGraw-Hill, Inc.
)
TABLE 13.3
Common Types of Deep Foundations
Topic
Discussion
Pile foundations
Probably the most common type of deep foundation is the pile
foundation. Piles can consist of wood (timber), steel H-sections,
precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, pressure-injected con-
crete, concrete-filled steel pipe piles, and composite-type piles
(also see Table 13.4). Piles are either driven into place or
installed in predrilled holes. Piles that are driven into place are
generally considered to be low displacement or high displac-
ement depending on the amount of soil that must be pushed out of
the way as the pile is driven. Examples of low-displacement piles
are steel H-sections and open-ended steel pipe piles that do not
form a soil plug at the end. Examples of high-displacement piles
are solid section piles, such as round timber piles or square pre-
cast concrete piles, and steel pipe piles with a closed end.
Various types of piles are as follows:
●
Batter pile:
A pile driven in at an angle inclined to the vertical that
provides high resistance to lateral loads.
