Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 10
RETAINING WALL ANALYSES
FOR EARTHQUAKES
The following notation is used in this chapter:
SYMBOL DEFINITION
a
Acceleration (Sec. 10.2)
a
Horizontal distance from
W
to toe of footing
a
max
Maximum horizontal acceleration at ground surface (also known as peak ground acceleration)
A
p
Anchor pull force (sheet pile wall)
c
Cohesion based on total stress analysis
c
Cohesion based on effective stress analysis
c
a
Adhesion between bottom of footing and underlying soil
d
Resultant location of retaining wall forces (Sec. 10.1.1)
d
1
Depth from ground surface to groundwater table
d
2
Depth from groundwater table to bottom of sheet pile wall
D
Depth of retaining wall footing
D
Portion of sheet pile wall anchored in soil (Fig. 10.9)
e
Lateral distance from
P
v
to toe of retaining wall
F,
FS
Factor of safety
FS
L
Factor of safety against liquefaction
g
Acceleration of gravity
H
Height of retaining wall
H
Unsupported face of sheet pile wall (Fig. 10.9)
k
A
Active earth pressure coefficient
k
AE
Combined active plus earthquake coefficient of pressure (Mononobe-Okabe equation)
k
h
Seismic coefficient, also known as pseudostatic coefficient
k
0
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest
k
p
Passive earth pressure coefficient
k
v
Vertical pseudostatic coefficient
L
Length of active wedge at top of retaining wall
m
Total mass of active wedge
M
max
Maximum moment in sheet pile wall
N
Sum of wall weights
W
plus, if applicable,
P
v
P
A
Active earth pressure resultant force
P
E
Pseudostatic horizontal force acting on retaining wall
P
ER
Pseudostatic horizontal force acting on restrained retaining wall
P
F
Sum of sliding resistance forces (Fig. 10.2)
P
H
Horizontal component of active earth pressure resultant force
P
L
Lateral force due to liquefied soil
P
p
Passive resultant force
10.1
